TABLE 3.
PERCENT INCREASE AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS OF CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INTERQUARTILE RANGE INCREASE OF AVERAGE AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION 1985–2000, EXCLUDING LONG-HAUL DRIVERS (N = 39,948)
| Single Pollutant Models |
Multi-Pollutant Model |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause of Death | Cases | PM10 (6 μg/m3) | SO2 (4 ppb) | NO2 (8 ppb) | PM10 (6 μg/m3) | SO2 (4 ppb) | NO2 (8 ppb) |
| All-cause | 2,816 | 9.7 (5.2, 14.5) | 10.6 (4.6, 16.9) | 14.9 (9.9, 20.2) | 1.3 (−4.3, 7.2) | 5.7 (−0.4, 12.2) | 12.5 (5.8, 19.5) |
| Lung cancer | 475 | 4.7 (−5.9, 16.5) | 9.1 (−4.6, 24.8) | 7.3 (−3.9, 19.9) | 0.4 (−12.8, 15.5) | 7.0 (−7.2, 23.4) | 5.3 (−9.3, 22.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 972 | 7.6 (−0.2, 16.0) | 9.6 (−0.4, 20.7) | 10.9 (2.7, 19.8) | 1.4 (−8.2, 12.0) | 6.0 (−4.3, 17.4) | 8.3 (−2.5, 20.4) |
| IHD | 602 | 2.0 (−7.4, 12.3) | 7.3 (−5.1, 21.2) | 5.7 (−4.2, 16.7) | −2.7 (−14.4, 10.7) | 5.5 (−7.3, 20.2) | 6.2 (−7.2, 21.6) |
| Respiratory disease | 184 | 8.2 (−8.6, 28.0) | 25.1 (2.0, 53.5) | 20.1 (0.9, 42.8) | −6.2 (−25.6, 18.3) | 19.5 (−4.0, 48.7) | 20.7 (−5.5, 54.0) |
| COPD | 117 | 7.0 (−13.6, 32.4) | 9.2 (−16.9, 43.4) | 7.0 (−14.4, 33.6) | 4.7 (−21.2, 39.1) | 7.3 (−19.5, 43.1) | 1.9 (−24.8, 38.0) |
For definition of abbreviations, see Table 2.
Values are given as percent increase and 95% CI unless otherwise noted. Percent increase and 95% CIs generated in Cox proportional hazard models with risk sets were generated using attained age in 1-year increments as the timeline, with separate baseline hazards based on decade of age at entry, calendar year and decade of hire, and adjusted for race, Census region of residence, the healthy worker survivor effect, and years of work in each of the eight job groups. Nine lung cancer cases had cardiovascular disease as the underlying cause of death (four from IHD) and nine had respiratory disease as an underlying cause (four from COPD).