Table 4.
Bed dust: percent difference in microbial biomarkers associated with predictors (home characteristics, demographics, and allergen levels) in multiple regression models (95% confidence interval for percent difference).a
| Characteristic and model | GNB |
GPB |
Fungi |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recombinant factor C | LAL | Midchain 3-OHFAs | Muramic acid | Ergosterol | β-d-Glucan | |
| Multiple regression models with questionnaire and allergen (pest/pet) predictors | ||||||
| Dampness | ||||||
| Water/mold | 38.6 (11.1 to 72.9)* | 22.9 (4.9 to 43.9)* | — | 7.5 (−5.1 to 21.8) | 17.7 (−1.1 to 40.1) | 6.5 (−6.8 to 21.8) |
| Central air | — | — | −11.9 (−19.9 to −3.1)* | −11.4 (−22.0 to 0.7) | −29.3 (−41.1 to −14.7)* | −14.2 (−25.8 to −1.6)* |
| Apartment | — | — | — | — | — | −31.1 (−48.3 to −8.2)* |
| Pets | ||||||
| Can f 1 ≥ 20 μg/g | 16.1 (−9.4 to 48.7) | 11.3 (−6.7 to 32.7) | 13.7 (2.5 to 26.2)* | 13.4 (−1.4 to 30.4) | — | 20.6 (3.7 to 40.2)* |
| Fel d 1 ≥ 8 μg/g | 36.9 (8.3 to 73.0)* | 34.2 (13.5 to 58.5)* | — | — | — | — |
| Pests | ||||||
| Bla g 1 detectable | — | — | — | — | −42.9 (−63.2 to −11.6)* | — |
| Cleaning | ||||||
| ≥ 1/week | −16.6 (−31.9 to 2.1) | −15.0 (−26.4 to −1.8)* | −9.3 (−17.1 to −1.8)* | −11.9 (−21.4 to −1.4)* | −15.1 (−27.6 to −0.4)* | — |
| Reservoir for microbes | ||||||
| Wall-to-wall carpet | — | — | — | — | 23.7 (4.0 to 47.1)* | — |
| > Four stuffed animals | — | — | 13.2 (1.1 to 26.7)* | — | — | — |
| SES | ||||||
| Black race/ethnicityb | −41.8 (−59.2 to −16.9)* | −18.6 (−36.8 to 5.0) | — | — | — | — |
| Seasonc | ||||||
| Spring | 20.6 (−8.5 to 32.9) | 10.0 (−9.6 to 34.0) | −3.5 (−14.2 to 8.5) | 21.5 (4.2 to 41.6)* | −15.1 (−31.5 to 5.2) | 10.3 (−6.4 to 30.0) |
| Summer | 3.3 (−19.7 to 32.9) | 9.3 (−8.6 to 30.8) | 34.5 (20.7 to 49.8)* | 0.3 (−13.0 to 15.7) | 8.6 (−10.9 to 32.3) | 47.9 (27.1 to 72.0)* |
| Autumn | 9.5 (−22.0 to 53.6) | 3.8 (−18.4 to 32.2) | −2.2 (−15.2 to 12.9) | 23.7 (2.0 to 49.9)* | −5.5 (−27.3 to 22.9) | 16.6 (−4.8 to 42.7) |
| Model adjusted R2 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 19.0 | 5.6 | 9.3 | 12.7 |
| Multiple regression models with questionnaire predictors | ||||||
| Dampness | ||||||
| Water/mold | 35.1 (8.0 to 68.9)* | 20.3 (2.5 to 41.3)* | — | 6.4 (−5.2 to 21.9) | 17.2 (−1.7 to 39.8) | 6.3 (−7.2 to 21.6) |
| Central air | — | — | −12.2 (−20.3 to −3.4)* | −10.9 (−22.2 to 0.4) | −30.4 (−42.4 to −15.9)* | −14.5 (−25.5 to −1.9)* |
| Apartment | — | — | — | — | — | −29.9 (−47.4 to −6.4)* |
| Pets | ||||||
| Dog ownership | 15.6 (−9.1 to 46.9) | 9.1 (−8.1 to 29.6) | 8.3 (−2.0 to 19.6) | 11.8 (−3.7 to 25.9) | — | 15.8 (0.2 to 33.9)* |
| Cat ownership | 18.7 (−6.7 to 51.1) | 17.2 (−1.4 to 39.3) | — | — | — | — |
| Pests | ||||||
| Cockroach sighting | — | — | — | — | 1.7 (−54.0 to 125.3) | — |
| Cleaning | ||||||
| ≥ 1/week | −17.2 (−32.5 to 1.5) | −15.7 (−27.1 to −2.4)* | −9.1 (−16.6 to −1.0)* | −11.4 (−21.2 to −1.1)* | −15.3 (−27.9 to −0.5)* | — |
| Reservoir for microbes | ||||||
| Wall-to-wall carpet | — | — | — | — | 20.7 (1.4 to 43.7)* | — |
| > Four stuffed animals | — | — | 12.7 (0.7 to 26.3)* | — | — | — |
| SES | ||||||
| Black race/ethnicityb | −41.5 (−59.1 to −16.2)* | −18.3 (−36.9 to 5.7) | — | — | — | — |
| Seasonc | ||||||
| Spring | 16.1 (−11.9 to 53.1) | 5.9 (−13.1 to 29.1) | −2.5 (−13.1 to 9.3) | 19.3 (2.2 to 39.2)* | −16.4 (−32.7 to 3.9) | 10.8 (−6.1 to 30.6) |
| Summer | 0.7 (−21.8 to 29.6) | 6.7 (−11.0 to 27.9) | 34.3 (20.8 to 49.3)* | −3.8 (−16.5 to 10.8) | 8.0 (−11.6 to 31.9) | 48.3 (27.4 to 72.6)* |
| Autumn | 5.1 (−25.2 to 47.6) | −0.05 (−21.7 to 27.6) | −1.8 (−14.7 to 13.1) | 19.8 (−0.7 to 44.6) | −7.1 (−28.8 to 21.2) | 16.0 (−5.3 to 42.1) |
| Model adjusted R2 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 18.0 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 12.7 |
a
Absence of the home characteristic served as the reference category for each predictor unless otherwise noted. Dashes indicate that the characteristic was not entered into the model.
b
Reference category is all other race/ethnicity classifications (white, Hispanic, Asian, and other).
c
Reference category is winter.
*
p < 0.05.