TABLE 5.
Cross-sectional associations between the AHA-DLS and CVD Risk Factors in older Puerto Ricans1
| CVD risk factor | n | β ± SE | P-value |
| Plasma lipids | 1069 | ||
| LDL cholesterol,2mmol/L | |||
| Model 1 | 0.014 ± 0.024 | 0.56 | |
| Model 2 | −0.012 ± 0.026 | 0.63 | |
| Model 3 | −0.011 ± 0.026 | 0.67 | |
| HDL cholesterol,3mmol/L | |||
| Model 1 | 0.034 ± 0.009 | <0.0001 | |
| Model 2 | 0.031 ± 0.009 | 0.0004 | |
| Model 3 | 0.029 ± 0.009 | 0.001 | |
| Log TG,4mmol/L | |||
| Model 1 | 0.003 ± 0.006 | 0.59 | |
| Model 2 | 0.005 ± 0.006 | 0.41 | |
| Model 3 | 0.003 ± 0.006 | 0.57 | |
| FRS5 | |||
| Men | 219 | ||
| Model 1 | 0.092 ± 0.450 | 0.84 | |
| Model 2 | 0.423 ± 0.491 | 0.39 | |
| Model 3 | 0.495 ± 0.499 | 0.32 | |
| Women | 628 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.804 ± 0.250 | 0.001 | |
| Model 2 | −0.679 ± 0.272 | 0.01 | |
| Model 3 | −0.717 ± 0.279 | 0.01 | |
| Other CVD risk factors | |||
| Systolic blood pressure,6mm Hg | 1078 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.402 ± 0.519 | 0.43 | |
| Model 2 | −0.035 ± 0.272 | 0.95 | |
| Model 3 | −0.184 ± 0.559 | 0.74 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure,6mm Hg | 1077 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.585 ± 0.291 | 0.05 | |
| Model 2 | −0.315 ± 0.308 | 0.31 | |
| Model 3 | −0.278 ± 0.315 | 0.37 | |
| Log serum glucose,7mmol/L | |||
| BMI < 25, 2 | 138 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.014 ± 0.010 | 0.16 | |
| Model 2 | −0.025 ± 0.011 | 0.02 | |
| Model 3 | −0.029 ± 0.011 | 0.01 | |
| BMI ≥ 25, 2 | 958 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.008 ± 0.004 | 0.07 | |
| Model 2 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.60 | |
| Model 3 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.58 | |
| Log serum insulin,7pmol/L | 1093 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.059 ± 0.008 | <0.0001 | |
| Model 2 | −0.030 ± 0.008 | 0.0003 | |
| Model 3 | −0.030 ± 0.008 | 0.0003 | |
| WC,8cm | 1083 | ||
| Model 1 | −0.10 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | |
| Model 2 | −0.10 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | −0.10 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | |
| Inflammatory marker | 1083 | ||
| CRP,9mg/L | |||
| Model 1 | −0.008 ± 0.001 | <0.0001 | |
| Model 2 | −0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.02 | |
| Model 3 | −0.003 ± 0.001 | 0.02 | |
β-Coefficients ± SE for every 10-unit increase in the AHA-DLS were calculated using ANCOVA.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n), hypertension (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + lipid medication use (y/n), HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), income ($/y), WC (cm). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n), hypertension (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), TG (mmol/L), cardiovascular medication use (y/n), income ($/y), WC (cm). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n), hypertension (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), total carbohydrate intake (g/d), cardiovascular medication use (y/n), income ($/y), WC (cm). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), supplement use (y/n), cardiovascular medication use (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + WC (cm), income ($/y). Model 3 adjusted for model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + supplement use (y/n), hypertension medication use (y/n), WC (cm), income ($/y). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never). Model 2: Model 1 + supplement use (y/n), diabetes medication use (y/n), WC (cm), income ($/y). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n), hypertension (y/n), BMI (kg/m2). Model 2: Model 1 + CRP (mg/L), income ($/y), insulin medication use (y/n). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.
Model 1: adjusted for age (y), sex, smoking status (former, current, never), diabetes (y/n), hypertension (y/n). Model 2: Model 1 + white blood cell count (mm3), income ($/y), WC (cm). Model 3: Model 2 + acculturation (%), PSS.