Table 1.
CDS systems included in analysis.
| CDS system | Institution | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
| Altos Solutions, Inc. OncoEMR | Altos Solutions, Inc. (U.S.) | Supports oncology and hematology care provided by ∼400 medical oncologists and thousands of support staff. |
| Eclipsys Sunrise Clinical Information System | Columbia University (U.S.) | Deployed at multiple inpatient and outpatient locations. Includes various CDS enabled via Arden Syntax Medical Logic Modules. |
| DoD Distributed Decision Support & Knowledge Management Repository | Department of Defense (U.S.) | Used by the open source FHA-Connect project to provide a reference implementation for delivering NHIN CDS functionality. |
| Duke chronic disease management system and enterprise care quality reporting system | Duke University (U.S.) | Supports chronic disease management and health maintenance in 20+ primary care clinics. |
| HL7 Context-Aware Knowledge Retrieval (Infobutton) Standard | HL7 (International) | Facilitates the context-aware integration of online clinical knowledge resources into EHR systems. Widely adopted. |
| Intermountain Foresight enterprise-wide decision support infrastructure | Intermountain Healthcare (U.S.) | Responsible for executing the content (rules and protocols) currently available in the HELP2 platform. |
| Siemens Soarian® Clinical Information System and its Rules and Workflow Engines | Main Line Health (U.S.) | Deployed across 3 acute care facilities and 1 rehab facility to provide point-of-care CDS. |
| HealthFlow | Marshfield Clinic (U.S.) | Used operationally to support disease management at Marshfield Clinic; integrated with institutional EHR system (Cattails). |
| Hughes riskApps | Mass. General Hospital (U.S.) | Used at over 35 breast centers to support the early identification of women at increased risk for hereditary cancer. |
| Medical-Objects GELLO enabled Clinical Decision Support System | Medical-Objects (Australia) | Used in a laboratory information system and multiple specialist clinical systems to provide CDS. Uses HL7 GELLO standard. |
| Nutritionist’s Assistant | Memorial Hermann Hospital (U.S.) | Assists with starting and managing early enteral nutrition for patients in trauma / critical care intensive care unit. |
| Psychiatric Services Clinical Knowledge Enhancement System (PSYCKES) | New York Office of Mental Health (US) | Deployed across all 26 state hospitals and 300+ mental health clinics to support cost-effective, evidence-based prescribing. |
| Clinical Research Information System (CRIS) (Eclipsys Sunrise Clinical Manager) | NIH Clinical Center (U.S.) | Supports clinical care for inpatient and outpatient research subjects at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. |
| Partners Enterprise Clinical Rules Service (ECRS) | Partners Healthcare (U.S.) | Provides outpatient care alerts and reminders. Part of CDS Consortium work. CDS service will be consumed by Regenstrief. |
| Automatic Selection of Clinical Trials based on Eligibility Criteria (ASTEC) CDS | Université Aix-Marseille (France) | Automates search for applicable cancer clinical trials. Will be used during oncologic multidisciplinary committee meetings. |
| UNMC Advanced Clinical Applications Program (ACAP) | Univ. of Nebraska Medical Ctr. (U.S.) | Uses the SAGE CDS model to deliver clinically relevant, problem-based tools to support inpatient physician workflow. |
| Evidence-based Guideline and Decision Support System (EGADSS) | Univ. of Victoria and BC (Canada) | Supports patient-specific point of care reminders, including preventive care and disease management. Open-source. |
| VistA Clinical Reminders | Veterans Health Admin. (U.S.) | Used at 153 medical centers and 768 community based clinics to support prevention and chronic disease management. |
| Wolters Kluwer Health - Infobutton APIs | Wolters Kluwer Health (Internat.) | Provides context-sensitive retrieval of Wolters Kluwer Health content in a manner compliant with the HL7 Infobutton standard. |
| Medi-Span | Wolters Kluwer Health (Internat.) | Supports real time screening for drug-drug, drug-allergy and other interactions in CPOE and pharmacy systems |