Table 2.

Parameters of glucose metabolism before and in response to breakfast

	4h-sleep	8h-sleep	P
Glucose
Pre-breakfast (mmol/L)	4.5 ± 0.1	4.5 ± 0.1	0.67
Peak (mmol/L)	6.8 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.3	< 0.01
AUC (mmol*min/L)	552 ± 16	514 ± 18	0.01
Insulin
Pre-breakfast (pmol/L)	31.2 ± 5.0	27.9 ± 3.7	0.30
Peak (pmol/L)	398.5 ± 57.4	284.3 ± 51.5	0.02
AUC (pmol*min/L)	24855 ± 2131	16304 ± 1868	< 0.001
C-peptide
Pre-breakfast (nmol/L)	0.55 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.03	0.50
Peak (nmol/L)	2.3 ± 0.2	2.0 ± 0.2	0.10
AUC (nmol*min/L)	181 ± 11	147 ± 11	< 0.001
Glucagon
Pre-breakfast (ng/L)	112.9 ± 6.9	112.9 ± 9.6	0.99
AUC (ng*min/L)	14588 ± 713	16259 ± 787	0.03
ACTH
Pre-breakfast (pmol/L)	2.1 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.2	0.42
AUC (pmol*min/L)	443.0 ± 39.0	421.5 ± 30.9	0.44
Cortisol
Pre-breakfast (nmol/L)	129.1 ± 24.0	127.2 ± 20.8	0.91
AUC (nmol*min/L)	33049 ± 1370	33207 ± 1499	0.88
IL-6
Pre-breakfast (pg/mL)	2.0 ± 0.0	2.2 ± 0.2	0.28
AUC (pg*min/mL)	215.0 ± 11.4	203.7 ± 3.7	0.38

Data are mean ± SEM. P-values are derived from Student t-tests. Pre-breakfast values refer to baseline assessments at 07:40 before starting breakfast. Peak values refer to maximum response to breakfast intake; AUC denotes the areas under the curve from 08:00 to 11:00.