Table 4.
Measures of racism as predictors of self-rated physical health, self-rated mental health smoking, and low birth weight
| Self-rated physical healtha | Self-rated mental healtha | Smokinga | Low birth weighta | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | OR (CI) | OR (CI) | |
| Experiences of discrimination | −0.20 (0.06)** | −0.15 | −0.26 (0.06)*** | −0.18 | 1.42 (1.08, 1.86)* | 1.07 (0.76, 1.50) |
| REACH participantsb | 0.26 (0.10)** | 0.11 | 0.38 (0.11)*** | 0.15 | 0.36 (0.21, 0.61)*** | |
| African Americansc | −0.08 (0.10)**** | −0.04 | 0.03 (0.10)**** | 0.01 | 0.59 (0.38, 0.90)* | |
| Racism-related stress | −0.17 (0.05)*** | −0.16 | −0.24 (0.05)*** | −0.22 | 1.31 (1.06, 1.62)* | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) |
| REACH participantsb | 0.30 (0.10)** | 0.12 | 0.43 (0.11)*** | 0.17 | 0.35 (0.21, 0.60)*** | |
| African Americansc | −0.13 (0.09)**** | −0.06 | −0.08 (0.10)**** | −0.00 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.96)* | |
| Emotional reactions to racism | −0.04 (0.04)**** | −0.04 | −0.12 (0.04)** | −0.12 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.48)d |
| REACH participantsb | 0.23 (0.10)* | 0.10 | 0.35 (0.11)** | 0.14 | 0.37 (0.22, 0.63)*** | |
| African Americansc | −0.23 (0.09)* | −0.11 | −0.09 (0.09)**** | −0.04 | 0.68 (0.45, 1.01) | |
| Perceived group-impact racism | −0.20 (0.06)*** | −0.17 | −0.15 (0.06)* | −0.12 | 1.30 (1.02, 1.67)* | 1.19 (0.87, 1.64) |
| REACH participantsb | 0.27 (0.10)** | 0.11 | 0.36 (0.11)** | 0.14 | 0.38 (0.22, 0.63)*** | |
| African Americansc | −0.04 (0.10)**** | −0.02 | −0.01 (0.11)**** | −0.01 | 0.59 (0.38, 0.91)* | |
b unstandardized beta, SE standard error, β standardized beta, OR odd ratio, CI confidence interval, LBW low birth weight
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; **** = p > 0.05
aHealth outcomes were analyzed in separate models for each racism measure with controls for race and education. The models for physical health, mental health, and smoking include all survey participants. The models for LBW are restricted to 75 self-reported LBW births to survey participants. There was inadequate power for subgroup analyses for LBW.
bReference, non-REACH participants
cReference, European Americans
dThe unadjusted LBW result for emotional reactions to racism is OR = 1.24 (0.99, 1.55); p = 0.06