Table 2. Characteristics of the CCD camera.

Chip	Progressive scan interline CCD KAI-11002M
Effective number of pixels	4000 (H) × 2672 (V)
Pixel size	9.0 µm × 9.0 µm
Effective area	36.0 mm × 24.0 mm
Frame rate	Single tap: 2.5 Hz
	Dual tap: 4.5 Hz
Readout noise	Single tap: 40 electrons (typically)
A/D conversion	12 bits
Full-well capacity	40000 electrons
Quantum efficiency	48% (at 545 nm)
Contrast enhancement	0–14 dB
Cooling temperature	283 K (typically) at an ambient temperature of 293 K