Table 3.
Associations between mobile phone variables and mental health outcomes at baseline for men (n = 1455) and women (n = 2701)
| CURRENT STRESS |
SLEEP DISTURBANCES |
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION One item |
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION Two items |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Prev % | PR | 95% CI | n | Prev % | PR | 95% CI | n | Prev % | PR | 95% CI | n | Prev % | PR | 95% CI | ||
| Mobile phone use | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | High | 295 | 23 | 1.9 | 1.42-2.54 | 294 | 33 | 1.7 | 1.40-2.19 | 208 | 37 | 1.2 | 0.94-1.46 | 215 | 39 | 1.3 | 1.02-1.58 |
| Medium | 309 | 16 | 1.3 | 0.98-1.84 | 309 | 21 | 1.1 | 0.87-1.47 | 235 | 39 | 1.2 | 1.00-1.48 | 216 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.90-1.43 | |
| Low | 749 | 13 | 1.0 | 746 | 20 | 1.0 | 573 | 34 | 1.0 | 551 | 31 | 1.0 | |||||
| Women | High | 570 | 32 | 1.2 | 1.07-1.45 | 566 | 43 | 1.4 | 1.21-1.56 | 351 | 51 | 1.2 | 1.04-1.35 | 384 | 55 | 1.2 | 1.06-1.34 |
| Medium | 559 | 31 | 1.2 | 1.06-1.44 | 554 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.98-1.31 | 366 | 45 | 1.1 | 0.93-1.22 | 390 | 49 | 1.1 | 0.98-1.26 | |
| Low | 1304 | 26 | 1.0 | 1300 | 30 | 1.0 | 898 | 42 | 1.0 | 916 | 44 | 1.0 | |||||
| Availability demands | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | High | 360 | 18 | 1.5 | 1.04-2.15 | 359 | 27 | 1.3 | 0.96-1.64 | 251 | 35 | 1.0 | 0.76-1.20 | 267 | 39 | 1.3 | 1.00-1.64 |
| Medium | 634 | 17 | 1.5 | 1.04-2.02 | 631 | 21 | 1.1 | 0.82-1.36 | 485 | 34 | 0.9 | 0.74-1.09 | 468 | 31 | 1.1 | 0.86-1.38 | |
| Low | 357 | 12 | 1.0 | 357 | 21 | 1.0 | 280 | 39 | 1.0 | 245 | 30 | 1.0 | |||||
| Women | High | 586 | 33 | 1.3 | 1.14-1.57 | 583 | 41 | 1.4 | 1.21-1.61 | 356 | 47 | 1.2 | 0.99-1.33 | 413 | 54 | 1.3 | 1.10-1.43 |
| Medium | 1006 | 28 | 1.1 | 0.95-1.29 | 999 | 34 | 1.2 | 1.03-1.36 | 667 | 47 | 1.2 | 1.02-1.31 | 683 | 49 | 1.2 | 1.02-1.31 | |
| Low | 841 | 25 | 1.0 | 838 | 28 | 1.0 | 591 | 41 | 1.0 | 594 | 41 | 1.0 | |||||
| Awakened at night | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | High | 182 | 24 | 1.8 | 1.29-2.51 | 182 | 35 | 1.9 | 1.44-2.43 | 117 | 44 | 1.3 | 1.05-1.72 | 129 | 49 | 1.6 | 1.27-2.03 |
| Medium | 613 | 16 | 1.2 | 0.90-1.58 | 610 | 23 | 1.3 | 1.04-1.64 | 465 | 36 | 1.1 | 0.93-1.33 | 441 | 32 | 1.1 | 0.92-1.37 | |
| Low | 560 | 13 | 1.0 | 559 | 18 | 1.0 | 436 | 33 | 1.0 | 413 | 29 | 1.0 | |||||
| Women | High | 417 | 36 | 1.5 | 1.24-1.75 | 413 | 44 | 1.4 | 1.24-1.67 | 234 | 51 | 1.1 | 0.98-1.34 | 294 | 61 | 1.4 | 1.26-1.65 |
| Medium | 1118 | 29 | 1.2 | 1.04-1.40 | 1111 | 33 | 1.1 | 0.97-1.26 | 735 | 44 | 1.0 | 0.90-1.14 | 786 | 48 | 1.2 | 1.03-1.32 | |
| Low | 901 | 24 | 1.0 | 900 | 30 | 1.0 | 646 | 44 | 1.0 | 614 | 41 | 1.0 | |||||
| Accessibility stress | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | High | 131 | 39 | 3.5 | 2.58-4.64 | 131 | 27 | 1.3 | 0.98-1.81 | 71 | 54 | 1.8 | 1.42-2.31 | 91 | 64 | 2.4 | 1.96-2.94 |
| Medium | 387 | 18 | 1.6 | 1.21-2.14 | 385 | 25 | 1.2 | 0.99-1.53 | 287 | 41 | 1.3 | 1.12-1.60 | 268 | 37 | 1.4 | 1.20-1.67 | |
| Low | 835 | 11 | 1.0 | 833 | 21 | 1.0 | 658 | 31 | 1.0 | 623 | 27 | 1.0 | |||||
| Women | High | 345 | 49 | 2.5 | 2.13-2.94 | 345 | 47 | 1.6 | 1.39-1.85 | 199 | 59 | 1.4 | 1.24-1.65 | 224 | 64 | 1.7 | 1.46-1.90 |
| Medium | 986 | 31 | 1.6 | 1.38-1.87 | 978 | 34 | 1.2 | 1.03-1.32 | 610 | 44 | 1.1 | 0.94-1.20 | 707 | 52 | 1.4 | 1.22-1.54 | |
| Low | 1104 | 20 | 1.0 | 1100 | 29 | 1.0 | 807 | 42 | 1.0 | 761 | 38 | 1.0 | |||||
| Overuse | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | High | 38 | 32 | 2.1 | 1.30-3.50 | 38 | 37 | 1.7 | 1.10-2.55 | 23 | 43 | 1.3 | 0.83-2.15 | 28 | 54 | 1.7 | 1.18-2.41 |
| Medium | 170 | 17 | 1.2 | 0.81-1.67 | 170 | 23 | 1.1 | 0.79-1.43 | 117 | 38 | 1.1 | 0.87-1.44 | 126 | 42 | 1.4 | 1.10-1.72 | |
| Low | 1120 | 15 | 1.0 | 1116 | 22 | 1.0 | 856 | 35 | 1.0 | 809 | 31 | 1.0 | |||||
| Women | High | 165 | 41 | 1.6 | 1.31-1.96 | 164 | 41 | 1.3 | 1.10-1.61 | 93 | 54 | 1.3 | 1.04-1.55 | 114 | 62 | 1.4 | 1.23-1.67 |
| Medium | 526 | 33 | 1.3 | 1.09-1.46 | 522 | 38 | 1.2 | 1.04-1.35 | 328 | 52 | 1.2 | 1.06-1.36 | 355 | 55 | 1.2 | 1.10-1.38 | |
| Low | 1716 | 26 | 1.0 | 1709 | 32 | 1.0 | 1179 | 42 | 1.0 | 1204 | 44 | 1.0 | |||||
Prevalence (prev %) of mental health symptoms in each exposure category is shown. The prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for relationship status, educational level, and occupation. Missing values (non-responses to items) were excluded from the analyses, which means that the n varied in the analyses. Prevalence ratios with a CI not including 1.00 (before round-off) are given in bold.