HD5 and HD6 enhanced HIV infection. To examine the effect of defensins on HIV infection, serum-free pseudo-typed HIVJR-FL virus were incubated with HD5 or HD6 at various concentrations at 37°C for 1 h followed by infection of HeLa-CD4-CCR5 cells (A) or PHA-activated CD4+ T cells (B) for 2 h. Cells were washed and incubated in complete medium for 48 h before measuring luciferase activity. Difference between control (HIV-1 infected, no treatment) and samples with treatment of HD5 or HD6 at 10 μg/ml and above is significant as calculated by the two-tailed, paired Student's t test; *, p < 0.05. Data are means ± SD of triplicate sample and represent four independent experiments. R.L.U., reflective light units.