Table 2.

Summary of experimentally measured data.

Patient #	BR volume (cm³)^a	Elbow flexion (N·m)^a	Elbow extension (N·m)^a	Wrist extension (N·m)^a	# of pinch force trials^b	BIC activation^c	TRI activation^c	ECRB activation^c	BR activation^d	Pinch force (N)^d
p1	85.5	38.6	28.0	3.4	3	0.274 (0.022)	0.518 (0.009)	0.979 (0.036)	0.371 (0.015)	35.4 (2.0)
p2	62.2	34.7	17.6	7.7	3	0.175 (0.013)	0.762 (0.036)	0.052 (0.030)	0.276 (0.026)	22.7 (0.5)
p3	69.4	31.5	19.2	2.6	3	0.269 (0.160)	0.686 (0.038)	0.743 (0.021)	0.393 (0.045)	22.4 (1.3)
p4	58.4	31.5	14.7	4.7	2	0.536 (0.036)	0.832 (0.011)	0.540 (0.007)	0.542 (0.021)	20.9 (2.6)
p5	63.2	28.4	22.0	2.3	3	0.357 (0.066)	0.340 (0.030)	0.666 (0.071)	0.408 (0.030)	11.7 (1.2)

BR muscle volume and joint strength data were used to scale muscle strength for each of the patient-specific strength models.

Simulations were performed using trial-specific data, but the values presented in the proceeding columns indicate the mean (± SD) of the measured data across trials for each subject that was simulated.

Measured co-activation patterns of the BIC, TRI and ECRB were used to drive simulations.

Measured BR activation and pinch force magnitude were compared to simulation outputs to evaluate performance.