Table 3.

Short-term (<1 d) studies on pulses, satiety, and appetite and subsequent energy intake responses¹

Reference	n	BMI, kg/m2	Meals	Meals matched for	Measurement duration, h	Satiety effect?	Subsequent ad libitum energy intake effect?
Leathwood and Pollet (56), study 1	6	14.5–30.4	Hachis parmentier (shepherd’s Pie) topped with either bean puree or potato puree	Energy	4	Bean < potato (P < 0.10 for hunger at min 180)2	Not measured
Leathwood and Pollet (56), study 2	6	19.2–27.2	Hachis parmentier (shepherd’s Pie) topped with either bean puree or potato puree	Energy	4	Bean > potato (stomach fullness at min 240); Bean < potato (hunger and desire to eat “something tasty” at mins 180 and 240)2	Not measured
Holt et al. (79)	11	24.3 ± 3.1 (SD)	Canned lentils, canned baked beans, other foods	Energy	2	Fish > lentils and baked beans; baked beans = eggs > white bread	Not measured
Sparti et al. (57)	14	19–25	High- vs. low-unavailable carbohydrate breakfast, lunch, and dinner; included pulses in lunch and dinner	Energy, macronutrients	24	High unavailable > low unavailable at lunch and dinner	Not measured
Johnson et al. (62)	11	24.7 ± 0.8 (SEM)	Bread made with conventionally processed chickpea flour vs. extruded chickpea flour (more subject to retrogradation)	Available carbohydrate, fat	2	NS	NS
Pai et al. (44)	32	16–31	Traditional Indian (Asian) breakfasts: Rice-pulse vs. rice based vs. wheat based	Energy	2	Rice-pulse > all others	Not measured
Wong et al. (60), study 1	14	20–25	Canned beans, homemade beans vs. glucose	Available carbohydrate	2	Homemade beans > glucose	(Pizza meal) Canned < homemade and glucose
Wong et al. (60), study 2	14	20–25	Canned: maple, pork, and molasses, or tomato sauce vs. homemade: pork and molasses vs. white bread	Available carbohydrate	2	Homemade > white bread (P = 0.09)	(Pizza meal) N = no
Wong et al. (60), study 3	15	20–25	Pulse variety: chickpeas, lentils, navy beans, yellow peas vs. white bread vs. water	Energy	2	All pulse varieties = white bread > water	(Pizza meal) All varieties = white bread; chickpeas = water

¹All studies were performed in healthy adults (no chronic disease) ≤ 45 y of age.

²Comparisons were planned a priori only for min 180 and 240.