Table 4.
Intervention studies on pulses and weight loss with intentional energy restriction1
| Reference | Design | BMI, kg/m2 | Pulse dosage and/or types | Other intervention components | Δ Weight, kg | Significant difference between groups? |
| Karlstrom et al. (94) | 3-wk crossover design, unclear if order randomized (n = 15 type 2 diabetics with inadequate control) | 19–33 | 1.4 c/d legumes (mostly green peas, brown beans, white beans, chickpeas, lentils, yellow peas, but also soybeans and green beans) | Provided 1600 kcal/d2; both diets were 20/56/34% energy from P/C/F; fiber 23.7 vs 36.7 g/d for control and legume diet, respectively | Legume: −0.4 kg control: −0.7 kg (SD not provided) | Yes (legume < control) |
| Sicheiri et al. (96) | 8 wk RCT (n = 40 women) | ≥27 | Rice and beans vs. lean meat twice a day (dose unclear) | Provided 1800 kcal/d2; P/C/F was 14/71/15% energy (rice and bean), 18/57/25 (lean meat) | 4 wk, rice/bean: −2.4 kg lean meat: −0.9 kg (SD not provided) 8 wk, rice/bean: −3.8 ± 1.8 kg lean meat: −1.5 ± 0.9 kg | Yes at 4 wk, no at 8 wk (35% drop-out at 8 wk) |
| McCrory et al. (80) | 6 wk RCT (n = 42 men and women) | 25–35 | 3 Treatments: all 6 d/wk high pulse 1.8 c/d women, 2.5 c/d men; medium pulse 0.5 c/d; low pulse (control): 1 T/d | Prescribed 30% energy deficit; pulses provided | High pulse: −2.3 ± 2.3 kg medium pulse: −3.9 ± 2.2 kg low pulse: −1.8 ± 1.9 kg | Yes, medium vs. low |
| Abete et al. (100) | 8 wk RCT (n = 35 men) | 31.8 ± 3 | 4 Treatments: legume 4 d/wk and avoid fish vs. fatty fish 3 d/wk and avoid legumes vs. high protein (meat, eggs, and lean dairy) vs. control (avoid legumes and fatty fish) | Prescribed 30% energy deficit; P/C/F was 17/40/30% energy for legume, fatty fish and control, and 30/40/30% energy for high protein; fiber was 26.5 g/d in legume diet vs 18.1–20.3 g/d in the other diets | Legume: −8.3 ± 2.9% fatty fish: −6.4 ± 2.6% high protein: −8.4 ± 1.2% control: −5.5 ± 2.5% of initial weight | Yes (legume = high protein > control) |
| Hermsdorff et al. (101) | 8 wk RCT (n = 30 men and women) | 32.5 ± 4.5 | Pulse: 4 servings/wk = 3.6–5.2 c/wkvs. control: limit pulse intake | Prescribed 30% energy deficit; 17/53/30% energy from P/C/F for both diets; fiber was 26.0 vs. 18.0 g/d for pulse vs. control diet | Pulse: −7.8 ± 2.9% control: −5.3 ± 2.7% of initial weight | Yes |
1
RCT, randomized controlled trial; P, protein; C, carbohydrate; F, fat.
2
1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.