Table 1.
Epigenetic roles of nutrition in physiologic and pathologic processes
| Nutrient or diet | Epigenetic mechanism | References | |
| Embryonic development | Folate | DNA methylation, imprinting | (8,9) |
| Choline | DNA methylation | (13) | |
| Protein restriction | DNA methylation, histone modifications | (19,20) | |
| Alcohol | DNA methylation | (25) | |
| Stem cell | Butyrate | Histone acetylation, DNA methylation | (45) |
| Retinoic acid | PRC | (64) | |
| Aging | Folate | DNA methylation | (6,7) |
| Calorie restriction | Histone acetylation | (36,37) | |
| Immune function | Folate | DNA methylation | (7) |
| Cancer | Methyl-deficient diet | Histone modification, microRNA | (51,67) |
| Genistein | DNA methylation, microRNA | (16,18,72) | |
| (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | DNA methylation, PRC | (14,65) | |
| Curcumin | microRNA | (73,74) | |
| Obesity, insulin resistance | High-fat diet | DNA methylation, microRNA | (24,70) |
| Methyl-deficient diet | DNA methylation | (9) | |
| Curcumin | Histone acetylation | (47) | |
| Inflammation | Resveratrol | Histone acetylation | (40,41) |
| AdoMet | Histone methylation | (48) | |
| Methyl-deficient diet | microRNA | (68) | |
| Neurocognition | Choline | DNA methylation, histone methylation | (13,50) |