Table 5.

Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with malarial infection among 779 primi- and secundigravid women in southern Malawi^*

Characteristic	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Gravidity
Primigravida	2.8 (1.9–4.0)
Secundigravida	Reference
HIV serostatus
Positive	1.9 (1.2–3.0)
Negative	Reference
Slept under an ITN treated less than 6 months ago
Yes	0.5 (0.3–0.9)
No	Reference
Age
< 20 years	1.5 (1.04–2.1)
≥ 20 years	Reference
Flooring in home
Earth/sand/dung	2.1 (1.3–3.6)
Cement	Reference
Exposure to lakes/rivers
At least occasionally	1.6 (1.2–2.3)
None	Reference
Helminthic infection
Hookworm alone	1.9 (1.03–3.5)
Schistosoma haematobium alone	1.3 (0.9–1.9)
Mixed hookworm/S. haematobium infection	3.9 (1.8–8.5)
Other combinations of helminthes	1.4 (0.5–4.1)
None	Reference

^*Includes only participants with complete information for the following variables: gravidity (first or second pregnancy), age, weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, education level, flooring in home, source of drinking water, type of sanitation, land or bicycle ownership, employment, contact with surface water, optimal use of bed net (slept under a bed net treated with insecticide in the previous 6 months), HIV infection, and helminthic infection.