Table 3.
Results from multivariate regression for mean total 1-year medical costs
| Variables | Cost Ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age Groups | |||
| Age 45-54 (vs. ≤44 years) | 1.109 | 1.029 - 1.195 | 0.006 |
| Age 55+ (vs. ≤44 years) | 1.187 | 1.109 - 1.269 | < 0.0001 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 0.906 | 0.869 - 0.945 | < 0.0001 |
| Plan Type | |||
| Comprehensive (vs. HMO) | 1.084 | 1.018 - 1.155 | 0.01 |
| PPO (vs. HMO) | 1.246 | 1.179 - 1.318 | < 0.0001 |
| POS (vs. HMO) | 1.116 | 1.040 - 1.198 | 0.002 |
| Charlson score = 1 (vs. Charlson score = 0) | 1.133 | 1.092 - 1.176 | < 0.0001 |
| Charlson score > 1 (vs. Charlson score = 0) | 1.311 | 1.237 - 1.389 | < 0.0001 |
| MI listed as the primary diagnosis | 1.351 | 1.302 - 1.402 | < 0.0001 |
| CABG (vs. MM) | 2.693 | 2.519 - 2.879 | < 0.0001 |
| PCI (vs. MM) | 1.595 | 1.521 - 1.674 | < 0.0001 |
| Prior 1-year health care costs | 1.000 | 1.000 - 1.000 | < 0.0001 |
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CI = confidence interval; HMO = health maintenance organization; MI = myocardial infarction; MM = medical management; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; POS = point of service; PPO = preferred provider organization.