Table 1.

 Details of studies included in meta-analysis of association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes

Study	Cohort designation	No of subjects	Country	Men (%)	Age range (years)	Study follow-up (years)	Outcomes measured
Albert et al 199922	Physicians’ Health Study	21 537	USA	100	40–84	12	CHD mortality
Bazzano et al 200723	China National Hypertension Survey Epidemiology Follow-up Study	64 338	China	100	≥40	8	Incident stroke and stroke mortality
Bazzano et al 200924		64 597	China	100	≥40	8	Incident CHD; CVD and CHD mortality
Berberian et al 199425	Zoetermeer Cohort	1620	Netherlands	46.9	>20	10	CVD mortality
Berger et al 199926	Physicians’ Health Study	22 071	USA	100	40–84	12.2	Incident stroke
Blackwelder et al 198027	Honolulu Heart Program	7888	USA	100	Not reported	8	CHD and stroke mortality
Boffetta et al 199028	American Cancer Society Prospective Study	276 802	USA	100	40–59	12	CHD mortality
Burke et al 200729	Western Australian Aboriginal cohort	514	Australia	50.2	15–88	11.6	Incident CHD
Camargo et al 199730	Physicians’ Health Study	22 071	USA	100	40–84	11	Incident CHD
Chiuve et al 200831	Nurses’ Health Study	71 243	USA	0	34–59	20	Incident stroke
	Health Professionals Follow-up Study	43 685	USA	100	40–75	18	Incident stroke
Colditz et al 198532	Massachusetts cohort	1184	USA	38	≥66	4.75	CHD mortality
Cullen et al 199333	Brusselton, Western Australian cohort	2171	Australia	50	≥40	23	CHD and CVD mortality
Deev et al 199834	US-Russian Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study	4011	USA	46.6	40–69	13	CVD mortality
		4153	Russia	46.7	40–69	13
Diem et al 200335	Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes	287	Switzerland	56.4	≥35	12.6	CHD mortality
Djousse et al 200236	Framingham Study	9171	USA	42.2	≥50	10	Incident stroke
Djousse et al 200937	Women’s Health Study	26 399	USA	0	≥45	12	CVD mortality
Doll et al 200538	British Physician Cohort	12 325	UK	100	48–78	23	CHD mortality
Donahue et al 198639	Honolulu Heart Program	8006	USA	100	45–69	12	Incident stroke
Ebbert et al 200540	Iowa Women’s Health Study	30 518	USA	0	55–69	14	CHD mortality
Ebrahim et al 200841	Women’s Heart and Health Study	2717	UK	0	60–79	4.7	Incident CHD
	Caerphilly Study	1291	UK	100	47–67	20
Elkind et al 200642	Northern Manhattan Study	3176	USA	37.2	≥40	5.9	Incident stroke
Friedman et al 198643	Framingham Study	4745	USA	44.4	30–59	24	CHD mortality
Fuchs et al 199544	Nurses’ Health Study	85 709	USA	0	34–59	12	CVD mortality
Fuchs et al 200445	Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study	14 506	USA	43.3	45–64	9.8	Incident CHD
Garfinkel et al 198846	American Cancer Society Prospective Study	581 321	USA	0	>30	12	CHD mortality
Garg et al 199247	National Health and Nutrition Examination Study	3718	USA	0	45–74	13	CHD mortality
Gaziano et al 200048	Physicians’ Health Study	89 299	USA	100	40–84	5.5	CVD and stroke mortality
Gordon et al 198349	Framingham Study	4625	USA	43.8	29–62	22	Incident CHD
Gordon et al 198550	Albany Study	1755	USA	100	38–55	18	Incident CHD
Gronbaek et al 199551	Copenhagen City Heart Study	13 285	Denmark	45.5	30–79	12	CVD mortality
Gun et al 200652	Employees of Australian Institute of Petroleum member companies	16 547	Australia	100	NR	20	CHD mortality
Hammar et al 199753	Swedish Twin Register	1900	Sweden	67.4	30–74	NR	Incident CHD
Hansagi et al 199554	Swedish Twin Register	15 077	Sweden	47	≥42	20	Stroke mortality
Harriss et al 200755	Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study	38 200	Australia	39.7	27–75	11.4	CHD and CVD mortality
Hart et al 200856	Midspan Collaborative Cohort Study	6000	Scotland	100	35–64	35	CHD and stroke mortality
Hein et al 199657	Copenhagen Male Study	2826	Denmark	100	53–74	6	Incident CHD
Ikehara et al 200958	Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study	19 356	Japan	100	40–69	9.9	Incident CHD and stroke
Iso et al 199559	Rural Japanese cohorts	2890	Japan	100	40–69	10.5	Incident CHD and stroke
Jakovljevic et al 200460	Institute for Chronic Diseases and Gerontology	286	Serbia and Montenegro	50.7	30–60	20	Stroke mortality
Jamrozik et al 200061	Perth Community Stroke Study	931	Australia	48	>18	4	CVD mortality
Jousilahti et al 200062	Finnish Cohort	14 874	Finland	48.2	25–64	12	Incident stroke
Kitamura et al 199863	Japanese Male Employees	8476	Japan	100	40–59	8.8	Incident CHD
Kittner et al 198364	Puerto Rico Heart Health Program	9150	Puerto Rico	100	35–79	12	Incident CHD and CHD mortality
Kivela et al 198965	Two Finnish cohorts from the Seven Countries Study	1112	Finland	100	55–74	10	CVD mortality
Kiyohara et al 199566	Hisayama Study	1621	Japan	43.6	≥40	26	Incident stroke
Klatsky et al 199067	Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Cohort	123 840	USA	40.5	<30–>70	7	CVD mortality
Klatsky et al 199768		128 934	USA	44	<30–>70	NR	Incident CHD
Klatsky et al 200269		128 934	USA	44	<30–>70	18	Incident stroke
Knoops et al 200470	Healthy Ageing: A Longitudinal Study in Europe	2339	11 European countries	64.4	70–90	10	CHD and CVD mortality
Kono et al 198671	Japanese Male Physician Cohort	5135	Japan	100	NR	19	CHD, CVD and stroke mortality
Leppala et al 199972	Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention cohort	26 556	Finland	100	50–69	6.1	Incident stroke
Lin et al 200573	Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk	110 792	Japan	41.9	40–79	11	CVD mortality
Manttari et al 199774	Helsinki Heart Study	1924	Finland	100	40–55	5	Incident CHD
Marques-Vidal et al 200475	PRIME Study—France	7352	France	100	50–59	5	Incident CHD
	PRIME Study—Northern Ireland	2398	Ireland	100	50–59	5
Maskarinec et al 199876	Multiethnic cohort (Hawaii)	27 678	USA	50.1	>30	NR	CHD and stroke mortality
Mukamal et al 200377	Health Professionals Follow-up Study	38 077	USA	100	40–75	12	Incident CHD and CHD mortality
Mukamal et al 200578	Cardiovascular Health Study	4410	USA	36.1	≥65	9.2	Incident stroke
Mukamal et al 200679		4410	USA	38.7	≥65	9.2	Incident CHD
Murray et al 200280	Manitoba Health Cohort	1154	Canada	50.2	18–64	8	Incident CHD
Murray et al 200581	Lung Health Study	3702	Canada	100	35–60	14	Incident CHD
Pedersen et al 200882	Copenhagen City Heart Study	11 914	Denmark	44.3	≥20	20	CHD mortality
Rehm et al 199783	National Health and Nutrition Examination Study	6788	USA	43.6	40–75	14.6	Incident CHD and CHD mortality
Renaud et al 199984	Cohort from Centre de Medecine Preventive	36 250	France	100	40–60	12–18	CHD and CVD mortality
Salonen et al 198385	Two counties of eastern Finland	4063	Finland	100	30–59	7	Incident CHD
Sankai et al 200086	Six Japanese communities	12 372	Japan	40.2	40–69	9.4	Incident stroke
Scherr et al 199287	Established populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly	6891	USA	36.9	>65	5	CVD mortality
Shaper et al 198788	British Regional Heart Study	6103	UK	100	40–59	6.2	Incident CHD
Simons et al 199689	Dubbo Cohort of New South Wales	2805	Australia	44.1	≥60	6.4	Incident CHD
Solomon et al 200090	Nurses’ Health Study	121 700	USA	0	30–55	NR	Incident CHD and CHD mortality
Suh et al 199291	Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial	11 688	USA	100	35–57	3.8	CHD mortality
Suhonen et al 198792	Social Insurance Institution’s Mobile Clinic Health Survey	4532	Finland	100	40–64	5	CHD mortality
Thun et al 199793	Cancer Prevention Study II	489 626	USA	51.3	30–104	9	CHD, CVD and stroke mortality
Tolstrup et al 200694	Danish Cohort	53 500	Denmark	46.8	50–65	5.7	Incident CHD
Trevisan et al 200195	Risk Factors and Life Expectancy Study	8647	Italy	100	30–59	7	CHD and CVD mortality
Truelsen et al 199896	Copenhagen City Heart Study	13 329	Denmark	45.5	45–84	16	Incident stroke
Valmadrid et al 199997	Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy	983	USA	45.2	NR	12.3	CHD mortality
Waskiewicz et al 200498	Pol-MONICA Programme	5452	Poland	49.3	35–64	NR	CVD mortality
Wellmann et al 200499	MONICA Augsburg Cohort	2710	Germany	49.6	35–64	10	Incident CHD
Wilkins 2002100	National Population Health Survey	6014	Canada	43.8	≥40	4	Incident CHD
Woo et al 1990101	Elderly Chinese Cohort	427	China	40	≥60	2.5	Incident stroke
Xu et al 2007102	Husbands from Shanghai Women’s Health Study	64 515	China	100	30–89	4.6	CHD and CVD mortality
Yang et al 1999103	South Bay Heart Watch Cohort	1196	USA	89	≥45	3.4	Incident CHD
Yuan et al 1997104	Four communities in Shanghai	18 244	China	100	45–64	6.7	CHD and stroke mortality
Zhang et al 2004105	Northern and southern Chinese populations	12 352	China	100	35–59	15.2	Incident stroke

CHD=coronary heart disease. CVD=cardiovascular disease.