Table 3.

SHP target genes and their function in physiology and disease

Tissue	Target gene	Function	Reference
		Cholesterol and Bile acid metabolism
Liver	↓CYP7A1	Bile acid synthesis	Goodwin et al., 2000 Lu et al., 2000 Boulias et al., 2005
	↓CYP8B1	Bile acid synthesis	Yang et al., 2002 Boulias et al., 2005
	↓CYP7B1	Bile acid synthesis	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓BAT	Bile acid conjugation	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓BSEP	Bile acid transport	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓MDR2	Bile acid transport	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓NTCP	Bile acid transport/uptake	Denson et al., 2001 Boulias et al., 2005
	↓SLC10A2	Bile acid transport	Neimark et al., 2004
	↓ABCB11	Bile acid export	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓ABCB4	Bile acid export	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓ABCA1	Cholesterol efflux	Brendel et al., 2002 Boulias et al., 2005
	↓APOA1	Reverse cholesterol transport	Delerive et al., 2004
	↓CETP	Cholesteryl easter transfer	Luo et al., 2001
	↓SCARb1	Cholesterol uptake	Boulias et al., 2005
		Lipid metabolism and Obesity
Liver	↑PPARγ	Lipogenesis	Nishizawa et al., 2002 Boulias et al., 2005 Huang et al., 2007
	↑SREBP1C	Lipogenesis	Boulias et al., 2005 Huang et al., 2007
	↑CD36	Long chain fatty acids uptake	Boulias et al., 2005
	↑FAS	Fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis	Boulias et al., 2005 Huang et al., 2007
	↑ACL	Fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis	Boulias et al., 2005
	↑ACC-1	Fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis	Boulias et al., 2005
	↑SCD-1	Fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis	Boulias et al., 2005
	↓MTP	Plasma lipoprotein secretion	Hirokane et al., 2004 Huang et al., 2007 Pan et al., 2010
Brown adipose tissue	↓UCP1	Mitochondrial thermogenesis and biogenesis	Wang et al., 2005
	↓PGC1α	Thermogenesis	Wang et al., 2005
	↓Dio2	Thermogenesis	Wang et al., 2005 Tabbi-Anneni., 2010
	↑HSL	Lipolysis	Tabbi-Anneni., 2010
	↑LPL	Thermogenesis	Tabbi-Anneni., 2010
	↑β1AR	Mitochondrial thermogenesis and biogenesis	Tabbi-Anneni., 2010
White adipose tissue	↓SREBP1 ↓LPL	Lipid accumulation	Tabbi-Anneni., 2010
		Liver fibrosis
Liver	↓alpha1 (I) collagen	Fibrogenesis	Fiorucci et al., 2004
	↓A-SMA
	↓TIMP-1	Regulation of metalloproteinase activity	Fiorucci et al., 2005
	↓PAI-1	Fibrogenesis	Chanda et al., 2009
		Glucose metabolism
Liver	↓PEPCK	Rate limiting gluconeogenic enzyme	Borgius et al.,2002 Park et al., 2007 Chanda et al., 2007
	↓G6Pase	Regulate blood glucose levels	Kim et al., 2004 Lee et al., 2008 Chanda et al., 2009
	↓FBP1	Gluconeogenesis	Yamagata et al., 2004
	↓LGK	Hepatic glucokinase	Kim et al., 2009
		Drug metabolism
Liver	↓CYP2B	Drug and hormone metabolism	Bae et al., 2004
	↓CYB3A	Drug and hormone metabolism	Ourlin et al., 2003
		Cancer
Liver	↓CyclinD1	Cell cycle	Zhang et al., 2008
	↓Bcl2	Apoptosis	Zhang et al., 2010
Breast	↓CYP19	Estrogen production	Kovacic et al., 2004
Other	↓Gli	Hedgehog signaling pathway	Kim et al., 2010

↓: inhibition; ↑: induction.