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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2011 May;226(5):1292–1307. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22457

Fig. 5. RA inhibits HG-mediated intracellular ROS generation.

Fig. 5

Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with different doses of ATRA (RA), and exposed to HG for 1h (A). Cells were preincubated with or without 1 μM of AGN193109 (AGN), or HX531 for 1 h and treated with 1 μM of RA, TTNPB, 9-Cis RA or Am580 for 2h, followed by exposure to HG for 1h (B). Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without 10 mM of NAC, 5 mM Tiron, 10 μM of rotenone or DPI, following 1 h of HG exposure (C). Intracellular ROS production was determined by flow cytometry with DCF staining. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n=3). *, p < 0.001 versus control; †, p < 0.001 versus HG.