Table 3.
Associations between Reflection Scores and Characteristics of Faculty and Patient Cases
| Variable | Percentage | Mean Reflection Score* | SD | p value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Perception of Case Relevance | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 84.1% | 3.47 | 0.62 | |
| No | 15.9% | 3.10 | 0.68 | |
| Physician Perception of Event Severity | 0.39 | |||
| No Impact to Patient (Near Miss) | 2.8% | 2.79 | 0.71 | |
| Minor Impact to Patient | 1.9% | 2.94 | 0.44 | |
| Moderate Impact to Patient | 68.2% | 3.47 | 0.57 | |
| Severe Impact to Patient | 27.1% | 3.37 | 0.78 | |
| Patient Death | 0% | |||
| Physician Perception of Case Generalizability | 0.001 | |||
| Likely or Moderately Likely | 86.0% | 3.49 | 0.60 | |
| Not Likely | 14.0% | 2.93 | 0.68 | |
| Physician Perception of Event Preventability | 0.52 | |||
| Preventable | 99.1% | 3.42 | 0.64 | |
| Not Preventable | 0.9% | 3.00 | na | |
| Physician Perception of Root Cause | 0.75 | |||
| Personal/Team Factor | 53.3% | 3.39 | 0.70 | |
| System Factor | 46.7% | 3.44 | 0.57 | |
| Physician Gender | 0.63 | |||
| Female | 10.3% | 3.38 | 0.66 | |
| Male | 86.9% | 3.47 | 0.59 | |
| Gender missing | 2.8% | |||
| Physician Age | 0.33 | |||
| 30–39 years | 12.1% | 3.38 | 0.60 | |
| 40–49 years | 25.2% | 3.33 | 0.54 | |
| 50–59 years | 43.9% | 3.64 | 0.60 | |
| ≥60 years | 6.5% | 3.18 | 0.58 | |
| Age missing | 12.1% | |||
| Multiple Choice Question Answer | 0.61 | |||
| Correct | 43.9% | 3.39 | 0.66 | |
| Incorrect | 56.1% | 3.45 | 0.61 |
*Items comprising Factor 2 were reverse scored so that all item values were positive
**Association between reflection score and the variable using ANOVA or linear regression analysis, where appropriate