Table 4.
Functional markers of adaptive immunity shown by cytokine responses by SEB-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. Shown are median values (inter-quartile range). Bold italics represent significant differences (at P < 0.01) between urban and rural infants aged 6–9 months. Numbers in bold (no italics) represent significant differences (at P < 0.01) across the 3 age groups; 6–9 (All), 22–26, and 48–60 months.
| Immune parameter | 6–9 months (median [IQR]) |
22–26 months (median [IQR]) |
48–60 months (median [IQR]) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban (N = 34) | Rural (N = 29) | All (N = 63) | All (N = 80) | All (N = 97) | |
| SEB-induced cytokines (pg/ml) | |||||
| IFN-γ | 24,349 | 13,259 | 21,204 | 21,589 | 19,709 |
| [16,789–34,159] | [7759–23,294] | [11,309–28,369] | [14,569–38,619] | [12,239–32,829] | |
| IL-5 | 1,472 | 1,291 | 1,354 | 3,305 | 3,205 |
| [908–2350] | [767–1874] | [828–2098] | [2040–4463] | [2077–4416] | |
| IL-13 | 4677 | 5398 | 4834 | 5647 | 5530 |
| [3623–6626] | [4122–6415] | [3676–6626] | [3567–4812] | [3442–7597] | |
| IL-10 | 1,509 | 576 | 1,341 | 886 | 406 |
| [811–2546] | [45–1616] | [286–2083] | [223–2141] | [41–1186] | |