Table 2.
Prenatal maternal characteristics according to neighbourhood classification
| Total | Deprived neighbourhood | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| N = 7,359 | n = 2,779 | n = 4,580 | |
| Gestational age enrolment (median, range) | 14.4 (5.1–39.2) | 14.9 (5.0–39.2) | 13.9 (6.4–38.9)* |
| Sociodemographic factors | |||
| Age | |||
| Mean (SD) | 29.7 (5.3) | 28.1 (5.6) | 30.6 (4.9)* |
| <20 | 4.1 | 6.3 | 2.8* |
| 20–35 | 80.9 | 81.6 | 80.4 |
| ≥35 | 15.0 | 12.1 | 16.8 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Dutch or Western | 60.1 | 39.6 | 72.5* |
| Surinam Hindu | 3.9 | 5.6 | 2.9 |
| Surinam Afro-African | 3.3 | 4.6 | 2.5 |
| Antillean Afro-African | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
| Antillean or Surinam other | 2.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 |
| Turkish | 9.3 | 15.8 | 5.4 |
| Moroccan | 6.7 | 11.3 | 3.9 |
| Cape-Verdean | 4.2 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
| Non-Western other | 8.8 | 11.3 | 7.3 |
| Missing | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Educational level | |||
| Primary | 11.5 | 18.1 | 7.4* |
| Missing | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.5 |
| Net income | |||
| Euro <1,200 | 15.8 | 25.7 | 9.8* |
| Euro 1,200–2,200 | 19.8 | 23.4 | 17.6 |
| Euro ≥2,200 | 42.4 | 21.2 | 55.2 |
| Missing | 22.0 | 29.7 | 17.4 |
| Occupation | |||
| Non-working | 20.3 | 26.7 | 16.5* |
| <20 h/week | 5.3 | 4.5 | 5.7 |
| 20–36 h/week | 24.7 | 18.0 | 28.8 |
| ≥36 h/week | 23.7 | 17.8 | 27.3 |
| Missing | 26.0 | 33.0 | 21.7 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 15.0 | 21.6 | 11.0* |
| Missing | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Consanguinity | |||
| Yes | 3.9 | 6.9 | 2.1* |
| Missing | 5.6 | 6.4 | 5.1 |
| Moved during pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 12.8 | 14.4 | 12.0* |
| Life style factors | |||
| BMI intake | |||
| Mean (SD) | 24.8 (4.6) | 25.3 (4.9) | 24.5 (4.3)* |
| <20 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.9* |
| 20–30 | 78.5 | 75.7 | 80.2 |
| ≥30 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 10.9 |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes, stopped after pregnancy recognition | 8.0 | 7.1 | 8.5* |
| Yes, continued throughout pregnancy | 16.8 | 20.6 | 14.5 |
| Missing | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5,5 |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Yes, but stopped after pregnancy recognition | 12.9 | 10.4 | 14.4* |
| Yes, continued throughout pregnancy | 34.2 | 25.6 | 39.4 |
| Missing | 4.6 | 3.9 | 4.9 |
| Recreational drug use | |||
| Yes, during the periconception period | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.3* |
| Yes, continued throughout pregnancy | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Missing | 3.9 | 3.1 | 4.3 |
| Obstetric characteristics | |||
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 57.9 | 57.5 | 58.3* |
| 1–3 | 38.4 | 37.6 | 38.9 |
| ≥3 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 2.8 |
| Pregnancy planning | |||
| No | 28.1 | 36.9 | 22.8* |
| Missing | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.0 |
| Folic acid use | |||
| No | 24.8 | 36.2 | 17.8* |
| Missing | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.4 |
| Complications previous pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.9 |
| Missing | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Gestational age at booking | |||
| Median (range) | 12.1 (4.6–33.4) | 12.4 (5.1–32.0) | 11.9 (4.6–33.4)* |
| <14 weeks | 4 | 45.3 | 44.7* |
| ≥14 weeks | 15.0 | 22.1 | 12.1 |
| Missing | 43.3 | 32.6 | 43.2 |
| Health characteristics | |||
| Depressive complaints | |||
| Score DEP median (range) | 0 (0–4.0) | 0.17 (0–4.0) | 0 (0–4.0)* |
| Yes | 8.5 | 11.3 | 6.7* |
| Missing | 20.3 | 25.7 | 16.9 |
| Anxiety complaints | |||
| Score ANX median (range) | 0.17 (0–4.0) | 0.17 (0–4.0) | 0.17 (0–3.7)* |
| Yes | 9.3 | 12.2 | 7.6* |
| Missing | 20.2 | 25.8 | 16.8 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Yes | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.2 |
| Missing | 4.2 | 3.4 | 4.7 |
| Sexual transmittable diseases | |||
| Yes | 2.7 | 3.9 | 1.9* |
| Missing | 11.5 | 13.1 | 10.5 |
| Median weighted risk score sum (range) | 4 (0–14) | 5 (0–14) | 3 (0–14)* |
| High risk profile (sum score ≥7) | 17.8 | 35.8 | 15.1* |
Values represent percentage within column, gestational age at inclusion in weeks
* P value < 0.05