High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy C (1s) spectra of PLLA (a), PVAA (b), and PLLA-PVAA-(EDC)-FN (c). FN, fibronectin; EDC, 1-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide. The deconvoluted curves, indicated in each spectrum by colored curves, correspond to photoelectrons from C atoms of differing functionalities, as identified explicitly in the manuscript. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/ten.