Table 5.
Age-adjusted rate ratios by major causes of death and by sex, for urban Aboriginal adults compared to urban non-Aboriginal adults in same urban classification, non-institutional population aged 25 years or older at baseline, Canada, 1991–2001
| All urban areas | Metropolitan areasa | Smaller urban centresb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Men | ||||||
| All causes | 1.56 | (1.43-1.70) | 1.59 | (1.43-1.77) | 1.45 | (1.26-1.66) |
| Infectious diseases | 2.04 | (1.33-3.11) | 2.19 | (1.34-3.56) | 2.89 | (1.19-7.03) |
| HIV/AIDS | 2.03 | (1.22-3.39) | — | — | ||
| Other infectious diseases | 2.04 | (0.96-4.37) | — | — | ||
| Cancer | 1.09 | (0.92-1.30) | 1.07 | (0.85-1.34) | 1.11 | (0.85-1.46) |
| Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers | 1.42 | (1.08-1.88) | 1.53 | (1.06-2.19) | 1.26 | (0.80-1.99) |
| Other cancers | 0.95 | (0.76-1.18) | 0.88 | (0.66-1.18) | 1.04 | (0.74-1.46) |
| Endocrine diseases | 1.42 | (0.86-2.33) | 0.98 | (0.46-2.08) | 2.00 | (1.03-3.89) |
| Circulatory system | 1.50 | (1.29-1.74) | 1.51 | (1.24-1.84) | 1.45 | (1.14-1.83) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.52 | (1.26-1.83) | 1.59 | (1.25-2.03) | 1.46 | (1.08-1.96) |
| Other circulatory diseases | 1.47 | (1.14-1.89) | 1.36 | (0.97-1.91) | 1.43 | (0.96-2.11) |
| Respiratory diseases | 1.72 | (1.25-2.37) | 1.68 | (1.08-2.59) | 1.62 | (1.00-2.64) |
| Digestive system diseases | 3.00 | (2.09-4.30) | 3.67 | (2.47-5.45) | 1.68 | (0.86-3.25) |
| External causes | 2.80 | (2.29-3.43) | 3.04 | (2.37-3.89) | 2.26 | (1.60-3.20) |
| Suicide | 1.57 | (1.04-2.38) | 1.91 | (1.18-3.08) | 0.96 | (0.43-2.16) |
| Motor vehicle | 3.51 | (2.32-5.32) | 3.67 | (2.16-6.23) | 2.96 | (1.51-5.78) |
| Other external causes | 3.76 | (2.84-4.96) | 3.92 | (2.78-5.54) | 3.32 | (2.07-5.33) |
| All other causes | 1.47 | (1.08-2.00) | 1.57 | (1.09-2.25) | 1.18 | (0.66-2.09) |
| Smoking-related diseases | 1.46 | (1.17-1.82) | 1.59 | (1.19-2.11) | 1.24 | (0.86-1.78) |
| Alcohol-related diseases | 4.55 | (3.14-6.61) | 4.81 | (3.06-7.55) | 4.22 | (2.16-8.24) |
| Drug-related diseases | 3.71 | (2.22-6.22) | — | — | ||
| Amenable to medical intervention (< 75 years) | 1.80 | (1.35-2.39) | 1.65 | (1.15-2.37) | 2.39 | (1.49-3.82) |
| Women | ||||||
| All causes | 1.94 | (1.78-2.11) | 2.10 | (1.89-2.32) | 1.68 | (1.44-1.97) |
| Infectious diseases | 5.76 | (3.68-9.01) | 5.25 | (2.95-9.32) | 8.08 | (3.91-16.69) |
| HIV/AIDS | 10.65 | (4.56-24.88) | — | — | ||
| Other infectious diseases | 4.84 | (2.84-8.24) | — | — | ||
| Cancer | 1.21 | (1.03-1.42) | 1.25 | (1.02-1.52) | 1.16 | (0.88-1.51) |
| Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers | 1.33 | (0.96-1.85) | 1.61 | (1.10-2.38) | 0.86 | (0.46-1.61) |
| Breast cancers | 0.91 | (0.62-1.34) | 0.77 | (0.46-1.31) | 1.21 | (0.68-2.14) |
| Other cancers | 1.29 | (1.05-1.58) | 1.30 | (1.00-1.69) | 1.26 | (0.89-1.78) |
| Endocrine | 2.61 | (1.73-3.94) | 3.00 | (1.86-4.85) | 1.83 | (0.82-4.12) |
| Circulatory system | 1.93 | (1.64-2.28) | 2.19 | (1.80-2.67) | 1.56 | (1.10-2.22) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.73 | (1.36-2.21) | 1.89 | (1.43-2.50) | 1.52 | (0.91-2.52) |
| Other circulatory diseases | 2.15 | (1.71-2.69) | 2.53 | (1.93-3.32) | 1.61 | (0.98-2.63) |
| Respiratory diseases | 1.91 | (1.35-2.71) | 2.15 | (1.41-3.26) | 1.39 | (0.77-2.52) |
| Digestive system diseases | 4.82 | (3.67-6.34) | 5.41 | (3.92-7.46) | 3.73 | (2.23-6.27) |
| External causes | 3.37 | (2.59-4.37) | 4.12 | (3.04-5.58) | 2.09 | (1.25-3.50) |
| Suicide | 2.46 | (1.45-4.19) | — | — | ||
| Motor vehicle | 4.13 | (2.46-6.93) | 5.24 | (2.87-9.59) | 2.22 | (0.82-6.06) |
| Other external (excluding suicide) | 3.65 | (2.53-5.28) | — | — | ||
| Other external (including suicide) | 3.16 | (2.33-4.28) | 3.84 | (2.70-5.46) | 2.04 | (1.12-3.73) |
| All other causes | 2.63 | (2.06-3.36) | 2.43 | (1.74-3.40) | 3.10 | (2.15-4.46) |
| Smoking-related diseases | 1.36 | (1.04-1.78) | 1.50 | (1.08-2.08) | 1.07 | (0.67-1.71) |
| Alcohol-related diseases | 11.44 | (8.02-16.34) | 12.87 | (8.49-19.50) | 9.38 | (4.70-18.73) |
| Drug-related diseases | 6.43 | (4.26-9.73) | 7.40 | (4.53-12.08) | 4.65 | (2.14-10.10) |
| Amenable to medical intervention (< 75 years) | 1.99 | (1.61-2.47) | 2.20 | (1.71-2.85) | 1.65 | (1.11-2.43) |
Source: 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study.
Abbreviations: —, suppressed due to disclosure rules or not applicable; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rates; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Reference population (person-years at risk) for age standardization was taken from the Aboriginal age distribution (5-year age groups).
a
Population ≥ 100 000
b
Population ≥ 10 000