Table 6.
Adjusted and unadjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults residing in all urban areas, by sex, non-institutional population aged 25 years or older at baseline, Canada, 1991–2001
| Characteristic at baseline | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | |
| Aboriginal | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.60 | (1.47-1.73) | 1.22 | (1.13-1.33) | 2.00 | (1.84-2.17) | 1.68 | (1.55-1.83) |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | ... | 1.00 | ... | 1.00 | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Age (years) | 1.10 | (1.10-1.10) | 1.09 | (1.09-1.09) | 1.10 | (1.10-1.10) | 1.09 | (1.09-1.09) |
| Lone parent | ||||||||
| Yes | … | ... | 1.04 | (0.99-1.08) | … | ... | 1.10 | (1.07-1.13) |
| No (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Metropolitan areasa | … | ... | 1.01 | (1.00-1.03) | … | ... | 0.99 | (0.98-1.01) |
| Smaller urban centresb | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Highest educational attainment | ||||||||
| Less than high school diploma | … | ... | 1.35 | (1.32-1.39) | … | ... | 1.24 | (1.19-1.28) |
| High school diploma | … | ... | 1.22 | (1.19-1.25) | … | ... | 1.15 | (1.11-1.19) |
| Post-secondary diploma | … | ... | 1.09 | (1.06-1.13) | … | ... | 1.07 | (1.03-1.11) |
| University degree (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Income adequacy quintile | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 - lowest | … | ... | 1.41 | (1.38-1.44) | … | ... | 1.30 | (1.27-1.33) |
| Quintile 2 | … | ... | 1.18 | (1.16-1.20) | … | ... | 1.13 | (1.10-1.15) |
| Quintile 3 | … | ... | 1.10 | (1.07-1.12) | … | ... | 1.08 | (1.05-1.11) |
| Quintile 4 | … | ... | 1.04 | (1.01-1.06) | … | ... | 1.04 | (1.01-1.07) |
| Quintile 5 - highest (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Occupation - skill-based categories | ||||||||
| Professional (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Managerial | … | ... | 0.99 | (0.95-1.03) | … | ... | 1.07 | (0.99-1.15) |
| Skilled/Technical/Supervisory | … | ... | 1.09 | (1.05-1.13) | … | ... | 1.10 | (1.04-1.16) |
| Semi-skilled | … | ... | 1.19 | (1.14-1.23) | … | ... | 1.11 | (1.05-1.17) |
| Unskilled | … | ... | 1.27 | (1.22-1.33) | … | ... | 1.18 | (1.11-1.26) |
| No occupation | … | ... | 1.29 | (1.24-1.34) | … | ... | 1.29 | (1.22-1.36) |
| Work status | ||||||||
| Unemployed (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Employed | … | ... | 0.82 | (0.79-0.85) | … | ... | 0.89 | (0.84-0.94) |
| Not in labour force | … | ... | 1.16 | (1.11-1.20) | … | ... | 1.09 | (1.03-1.16) |
| Place of birth | ||||||||
| Canada (ref) | … | ... | 1.00 | ... | … | ... | 1.00 | ... |
| Overseas | … | ... | 0.74 | (0.73-0.75) | … | ... | 0.84 | (0.83-0.86) |
Source: 1991-2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study.
Abbreviations: ..., not applicable; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference.
a
Population ≥ 100 000
b
Population ≥ 10 000