TABLE 1.
Summary of Rodent CNT Toxicity Studies Showing Consistency in the Pulmonary Response to CNT
| Materiala | Species/route/doses (μg/animal) | Study Duration (days) | Acute inflammation | Granuloma | Fibrosisb | Reference |
| M-MWCNT | Rat/i.t./(2000) | 3, 60 | Y | Y | Y | Muller et al., (2008) |
| UP-SWCNT | Mice/i.t./(100, 500) | 4, 90 | Y | Y | NR | Lam et al., (2004) |
| P-SWCNT | Mice/i.t./(100, 500) | 4, 90 | Y | Y | NR | Lam et al., (2004) |
| P-MWCNT | Rats/i.t./(500–5000) | 60 | Y | Y | Y | Muller et al., (2005) |
| P-SWCNT | Mice/p.a./(10–40) | 1, 3, 7, 28, 60 | Y | Y | Y | Shvedova et al., (2005) |
| P-SWCNT | Micec/p.a./(40) | 1, 7, 28 | Y | Y | Y | Shvedova et al., (2008c) |
| P-SWCNT | Mice/p.a./(40) | 1, 7, 28 | Y | Y | Y | Shvedova et al., (2007) |
| UP-SWCNT | Mice/i.t./(500) | 3, 14 | Y | Y | NR | Chou et al., (2008) |
| UP-SWCNT | Rats/i.t./(1000, 5000) | 1, 7, 30, 90 | Y | Y | NR | Warheit et al., (2004) |
| UP-SWCNT | Mice/p.a./(5, 10, 20) | 1, 7, 28 | Y | NR | Y | Shvedova et al., (2008b) |
| UP-SWCNT | Mice/i/(5) | 1, 7, 28 | Y | Y | Y | Shvedova et al., (2008b) |
| P-MWCNT | Rat/i/(4.6.8, 243, 1170) | 90 | Y | Y | Y | Ma-Hock et al., (2009) |
Note. NR, Not reported.
a
P, purified; UP, unpurified; M, multiple forms of CNT; i, inhalation; i.t., intratracheal instillation.
b
Histopathological or biochemical (hydroxyl proline or collagen levels) evidence.
c
NADPH oxidase–deficient mice.