FIG. 2.

Effects of subchronic dietary exposure to select PFAAs and fluorotelomers on plasma Vtg concentration. (A) Mean blood plasma Vtg values are shown on a logarithmic scale + SEM (N = 18 for control, N = 12 for E2, and N = 6 for all other treatments). The diet concentration was 250 ppm (approximately 5 mg/kg bw/day) for all perfluoroalkyl compounds and 5 ppm for E2, the positive control. (B) For individual chemical treatments, fish were fed diets containing 0, 5, 50, or 250 ppm of PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA. Mean blood plasma Vtg values are shown on a logarithmic scale + SEM (N = 18 for control and N = 6 for all other treatments). (C) The mixture treatments were prepared by adding equal amounts of each constituent chemical to achieve total concentrations of 20, 200, and 1000 ppm as described in the “Materials and Methods” section. Closed squares represent the measured mean blood plasma Vtg values ± SEM for the mixture treatments (N = 6). Open circles represent the predicted level of Vtg response at each concentration calculated using a simple CA model. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with control (for B, within a diet group) as determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons post hoc test.