Table 3. Probability of (i) being diagnosed with diabetes if diabetic, and of (ii) being treated and meeting treatment targets for blood glucose, blood pressure and serum cholesterol if previously diagnosed as diabetic in seven-country study of the management of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors.
| Determinant | Colombia |
England |
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Mexico |
Scotland |
Thailand |
United States |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P | OR | P | OR | P | OR | P | OR | P | OR | P | OR | P | |||||||
| Probability of being diagnosed | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 0.29 | 0.000 | 0.80 | 0.627 | 0.55 | 0.000 | 0.36 | 0.000 | 3.00 | 0.344 | 0.35 | 0.000 | 0.73 | 0.328 | ||||||
| 45–54 | 0.86 | 0.631 | 0.99 | 0.981 | 0.82 | 0.007 | 0.75 | 0.178 | 1.04 | 0.954 | 0.63 | 0.000 | 0.78 | 0.344 | ||||||
| 55–64 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| 65+ | – | – | 0.70 | 0.331 | – | – | 0.96 | 0.867 | 0.98 | 0.957 | 1.09 | 0.268 | 0.95 | 0.820 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 0.76 | 0.296 | 0.62 | 0.092 | 0.70 | 0.000 | 0.82 | 0.220 | 0.80 | 0.588 | 0.63 | 0.000 | 0.82 | 0.268 | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Residence | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 1.30 | 0.430 | 1.31 | 0.356 | 1.60 | 0.000 | 0.88 | 0.551 | 0.68 | 0.366 | 1.30 | 0.000 | – | – | ||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Poorest | 1.19 | 0.746 | 1.10 | 0.858 | – | – | 0.86 | 0.613 | 1.74 | 0.546 | 0.61 | 0.008 | 1.38 | 0.289 | ||||||
| Quintile 2 | 1.62 | 0.298 | 1.54 | 0.412 | – | – | 1.57 | 0.115 | 1.51 | 0.629 | 0.80 | 0.075 | 1.45 | 0.243 | ||||||
| Quintile 3 | 1.00 | 0.992 | 1.45 | 0.475 | – | – | 1.20 | 0.489 | 3.38 | 0.199 | 1.08 | 0.527 | 1.21 | 0.537 | ||||||
| Quintile 4 | 1.79 | 0.195 | 1.19 | 0.730 | – | – | 1.53 | 0.094 | 0.68 | 0.664 | 0.96 | 0.733 | 1.35 | 0.340 | ||||||
| Richest | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Insurance statusa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Insured A | 3.31 | 0.005 | – | – | – | – | 1.47 | 0.029 | – | – | – | – | 2.23 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Insured B | 1.62 | 0.232 | – | – | – | – | 1.74 | 0.027 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||
| Uninsured | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Educationb | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Complete primary | 1.06 | 0.858 | 1.00 | – | 1.09 | 0.292 | 0.71 | 0.123 | 1.00 | – | 1.23 | 0.075 | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Complete secondary | 0.99 | 0.987 | 1.37 | 0.428 | 0.94 | 0.597 | 0.52 | 0.018 | 0.66 | 0.390 | 1.39 | 0.039 | 0.82 | 0.391 | ||||||
| University | – | – | 1.41 | 0.546 | 0.75 | 0.012 | – | – | 4.18 | 0.119 | 1.51 | 0.028 | 0.76 | 0.204 | ||||||
|
Sample size |
297 |
283 |
4063 |
717 |
156 |
3706 |
988 |
|||||||||||||
| Probability of being effectively managed | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 0.68 | 0.471 | 0.62 | 0.429 | 0.86 | 0.311 | 2.09 | 0.073 | 0.40 | 0.364 | 0.80 | 0.345 | 1.66 | 0.212 | ||||||
| 45–54 | 0.96 | 0.914 | 0.61 | 0.428 | 0.85 | 0.112 | 0.99 | 0.986 | 0.06 | 0.043 | 0.72 | 0.049 | 1.13 | 0.691 | ||||||
| 55–64 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| 65+ | – | – | 0.65 | 0.383 | – | – | 1.19 | 0.565 | 0.44 | 0.226 | 1.11 | 0.321 | 0.89 | 0.608 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 0.76 | 0.465 | 0.83 | 0.636 | 0.63 | 0.000 | 0.59 | 0.035 | 1.84 | 0.312 | 1.27 | 0.020 | 1.25 | 0.230 | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Residence type | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 0.73 | 0.509 | 1.27 | 0.579 | 0.93 | 0.487 | 1.42 | 0.263 | 1.08 | 0.899 | 1.03 | 0.775 | – | – | ||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Poorest | 1.28 | 0.741 | 0.53 | 0.381 | – | – | 1.42 | 0.448 | 4.27 | 0.339 | 0.56 | 0.047 | 1.79 | 0.066 | ||||||
| Quintile 2 | 0.61 | 0.460 | 1.13 | 0.855 | – | – | 0.93 | 0.860 | 0.63 | 0.743 | 0.65 | 0.011 | 1.11 | 0.745 | ||||||
| Quintile 3 | 0.81 | 0.728 | 0.72 | 0.632 | – | – | 0.85 | 0.696 | 0.98 | 0.991 | 0.72 | 0.055 | 1.52 | 0.186 | ||||||
| Quintile 4 | 0.75 | 0.603 | 1.12 | 0.868 | – | – | 1.32 | 0.497 | 0.10 | 0.175 | 0.86 | 0.371 | 1.09 | 0.793 | ||||||
| Richest | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Insurance statusa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Insured A | 0.81 | 0.750 | – | – | – | – | 0.87 | 0.612 | – | – | – | – | 1.98 | 0.039 | ||||||
| Insured B | 0.90 | 0.868 | – | – | – | – | 0.70 | 0.311 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||
| Uninsured | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Educationb | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Complete primary | 0.80 | 0.628 | 1.00 | – | 1.05 | 0.625 | 0.86 | 0.624 | 1.00 | – | 1.24 | 0.210 | 1.00 | – | ||||||
| Complete secondary | 4.48 | 0.011 | 0.60 | 0.322 | 0.92 | 0.647 | 1.46 | 0.386 | 0.69 | 0.601 | 1.06 | 0.810 | 1.10 | 0.700 | ||||||
| University | – | – | 1.05 | 0.945 | 1.08 | 0.663 | – | – | 0.14 | 0.135 | 1.24 | 0.413 | 1.07 | 0.764 | ||||||
| Sample size | 156 | 131 | 2107 | 318 | 73 | 2097 | 603 | |||||||||||||
OR, odds ratio.
a Insured A includes those insured in the United States and insured through the formal sector in Colombia and Mexico. Insured B includes those insured through the informal sector in Colombia and Mexico.
b For Colombia and Mexico, complete secondary includes individuals with a university education.