Severe inflammation and airway mucus accumulation in lungs of Nedd4L conditional KO mice. (A–C) H&E staining of lungs of 10-day-old KO (i.e., Nedd4Lf/f;SPC-rtTA;teto-Cre) mice (A) or controls (Nedd4Lf/f;SPC-rtTA) mice (B), showing the whole lung (1× objective, Upper), or a higher magnification (20× objective, Lower) of a lung segment. Note large dense patches, revealing inflammation (neutrophil infiltration) in the Nedd4L KO lungs shown in A. (C) PAS staining of 10-day-old Nedd4L KO (Nedd4Lf/f;SPC-rtTA;teto-Cre) mice and control (Nedd4Lf/f;SPC-rtTA) mice revealing mucus accumulation (red color) in the airways of the knockout animals (original magnification 20×). (D) Normal lungs of E18.5 KO (Nedd4Lf/f;SPC-rtTA;teto-Cre) embryos just before birth (indicating that the defects shown in A–C developed postnatally). The pregnant mothers of these E18.5 embryos had been treated with Doxycycline (200 mg/kg in food plus 2 mg/mL in 5% sucrose solution in water) from E8 to E14 to maximize Cre expression.