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. 2011 Feb 7;108(8):3448–3452. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011891108

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

(A) Effect of testosterone administration on cognitive empathy in young women: mean and SEM of the percentage correct responses on the RMET after administration of testosterone and placebo (P = 0.013, one-tailed). Testosterone administration impairs the ability to accurately infer motives, intentions, thoughts, and emotions from the eye region of the face of others. (B) Fetal testosterone exposure (inferred from 2D:4D ratio) predicts the effect of testosterone administration on cognitive empathy: scatter plot shows the interaction between the 2D:4D ratio fetal testosterone marker and the effect of testosterone (T) administration on cognitive empathy (P < 0.001). The group effect of testosterone administration on cognitive empathy varies strongly according to individual 2D:4D ratios. (C) Effect of testosterone (T) administration on cognitive empathy in subjects with high and low fetal testosterone exposure (inferred 2D:4D ratio): Mean and SEM of the effect of testosterone administration on cognitive empathy in subjects with relatively low and high 2D:4D ratios, based on median split. Substantial effects of testosterone on cognitive empathy are observed in subjects with high fetal testosterone exposure (P = 0.006, one-tailed), and no effects are seen in subjects with low fetal testosterone exposure (P = 1).