Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Gene Ther. 2009 Nov 12;17(3):295–304. doi: 10.1038/gt.2009.148

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of immune responses to viral vectors. Targeting specific organs, engineering viral envelopes, switching serotypes, modifying the transgene cassette, utilizing tissue-specific promoters, or immune modulation regimens can result in immune avoidance to the viral vector and transgene product, and in some cases even induce tolerance to the therapeutic gene product.