Table 2.
Molecular age estimates of mtDNA haplogroups in Yami and Ivatan
| Soares Method | Kivisild Method | Soares Method | Saillard Method | ||||||||
| Haplogroup | ρ method obtained from all coding region synonymous mutations (transitions and transversions) of all available complete sequences# | ρ method obtained from all HVSI transitions between nps 16090 and 16365$ | |||||||||
| n | ρ | σ | Age of molecular variation (95% confidence interval) | Age of molecular variation (± variance) | n | ρ | σ | Age of molecular variation (95% confidence interval) | Age of molecular variation (± variance) | ||
| B4a1a | 27 | 1.63 | 0.55 | 12,831 (4,345; 21,317) | 11,025 ± 3,720 | Total | 152 | 0.59 | 0.17 | 11,132 (4,764; 17,500) | 11,906 ± 3,431 |
| Yami | 12 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 1,447 (0; 4,284) | 1,614 ± 1,614 | ||||||
| Ivatan | 7 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 1,551 (0; 4,591) | 1,614 ± 1,614 | ||||||
| B4a1a4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7872 (NA) | NA | Total | 18 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 2691 (NA) | 2,825 ± 2,825 |
| Yami | 12 | NA& | NA& | NA& | NA& | ||||||
| Ivatan | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| B4a2a | 4 | 1.5 | 0.71 | 11,808 (853; 22,763) | 10,146 ± 4,802 | Total | 64 | 0.76 | 0.48 | 14,362 (3,357; 32,080) | 15,337 ± 9,686 |
| Yami | 19 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 756 (0; 2,237) | 807 ± 807 | ||||||
| Ivatan | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| B4c1b2 | 8 | 2.63 | 1.04 | 20,703 (4,657; 36,750) | 17,789 ± 7,034 | Total | 98 | 0.74 | 0.21 | 13,896 (5,970; 21,823) | 14,933 ± 4,238 |
| Yami | 8 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 720 (0; 2,131) | 807 ± 807 | ||||||
| Ivatan | 7 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 720 (0; 2,131) | 807 ± 807 | ||||||
| E1a1a | 14 | 1.07 | 0.33 | 8,423 (3,331; 13,515) | 7,237 ± 2,232 | Total | 136 | 0.42 | 0.12 | 7,900 (3,471; 12,328) | 8,476 ± 2,422 |
| Ivatan | 6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 205 (0; 608) | 202 ± 202 | ||||||
| E2a | 15 | 1.07 | 0.34 | 8,423 (3,177; 13,669) | 7,237 ± 2,299 | Total | 20 | 0.65 | 0.32 | 12,251 (428; 24,074) | 13,117 ± 6,458 |
| Ivatan | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| E2b1 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.29 | 3,936 (0; 8,410) | 3,382 ± 1,961 | Total | 44 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 2,998 (0; 7,353) | 3,229 ± 2,422 |
| Yami | 5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 496 (0; 1,467) | 605 ± 605 | ||||||
| Ivatan | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| E2b2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Total | 8 | 0.38 | 0.18 | 7,069 (535; 13,603) | 7,668 ± 3,632 |
| Ivatan | 7 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 2,689 (0; 7,960) | 2,825 ± 2,825 | ||||||
| F1a1d* | 10 | 1.4 | 0.79 | 11,021 (0; 23,210) | 9,469 ± 5,343 | Total | 40 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 6,127 (0; 12,258) | 6,659 ± 3,431 |
| Yami | 18 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 1,261 (0; 3,000) | 1,413 ± 1,009 | ||||||
| F1a3 | 7 | 0.86 | 0.35 | 6,770 (1,370; 12,170) | 5,817 ± 2,367 | Total | 41 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 9,189 (3,076; 15,302) | 9,888 ± 3,431 |
| Ivatan | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| F1a4 | 5 | 2.4 | 1.02 | 18,893 (3,155; 34,631) | 16,233 ± 6,899 | Total | 41 | 0.39 | 0.16 | 7,359 (1,445; 13,272) | 7,870 ± 3,229 |
| Ivatan | 9 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 654 (0; 1,936) | 605 ± 605 | ||||||
| M7b3 | 6 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 11,808 (4,093; 19,523) | 10,146 ± 3,382 | Total | 108 | 0.61 | 0.28 | 11,467 (1,088; 21,846) | 12,310 ± 5,650 |
| Yami | 8 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 271 (0; 803) | 202 ± 202 | ||||||
| M7b4* | 5 | 2.6 | 1 | 20,467 (5,038; 35,896) | 17,586 ± 6,764 | Total | 25 | 0.84 | 0.47 | 15,828 (0; 33,125) | 16,951 ± 9,485 |
| Ivatan | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| M7c3 | 22 | 1.36 | 0.27 | 10,706 (6,540; 14,872) | 9,199 ± 1,826 | Total | 138 | 1.38 | 0.39 | 25,914 (11,638; 40,190) | 27,848 ± 7,870 |
| Yami | 9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1,886 (0; 5,584) | 2,018 ± 2,018 | ||||||
| M7c3c2* | 2 | 2 | 1.41 | 15,744 (0; 37,499) | 13,528 ± 9,537 | Total | 22 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 11,991 (0; 33,883) | 12,915 ± 11,906 |
| Ivatan | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| N9a10* | 5 | 2.2 | 1.18 | 17,318 (0; 35,525) | 14,880 ± 7,981 | Total | 17 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 4,436 (0; 11,299) | 4,843 ± 3,834 |
| Ivatan | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
* Haplogroups not described in van Oven 2009: F1a1d, M7b4, and N9a10 (see text).
# Molecular dating of mtDNA sequences for coding region synonymous mutations was obtained using a rate of one synonymous mutations per 7,884 years [53] or per 6,764 years [51].
$ Molecular dating of mtDNA HVS-1 sequences (n > = 5) was obtained using a rate of one transition per 19,171 years when Rho method was applied according to [53], or per 20,180 years according to [52,64].
NA: Not applicable.
Note: Inferences made from such dates warrant caution as they have considerable uncertainty and may be inaccurate [33].
&All lineages were identical.