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. 2011 Feb 24;7(2):e1001088. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001088

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Grosberg et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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First column: Sarcomeric -actinin immunofluorescence delineates the Z-lines in triangular (A), square (F) and circular (K) myocytes. Z-line orientation indicated that the axis of contraction was parallel to the longest axis of the cell. In the circular myocyte, most of the Z-lines aligned on the 1 to 7 o'clock axis with the dominant axis of contraction expected to follow the 4 to 10 o'clock direction. Second column: DIC images of micropatterned triangular (B), square (G), and circular (L) myocytes at full relaxation. Third column: DIC images at full contraction of the triangular (C), square (H), and circular (M) myocytes show the cells shortened about 24%, 18%, and 14% along the longest cell dimension, respectively. Fourth column: The contractile traction map of the triangular (D) and square (I) myocytes displayed high traction stresses at the cellular corners. The contraction map of the circular myocyte (N) indicated that the cell broke radial symmetry, with the principal axis of contraction along the 3 to 9 o'clock axis. Fifth column: Numerical results of predicted traction (T) of triangular (E), square (J), and circular (O) myocytes replicated experimental results. In the fourth and fifth columns, the color scale and arrows represent the magnitude and direction of traction, respectively. Color values in simulated results are in arbitrary units; scale bars are .

Inline graphic — First column: Sarcomeric -actinin immunofluorescence delineates the Z-lines in triangular (A), square (F) and circular (K) myocytes. Z-line orientation indicated that the axis of contraction was parallel to the longest axis of the cell. In the circular myocyte, most of the Z-lines aligned on the 1 to 7 o'clock axis with the dominant axis of contraction expected to follow the 4 to 10 o'clock direction. Second column: DIC images of micropatterned triangular (B), square (G), and circular (L) myocytes at full relaxation. Third column: DIC images at full contraction of the triangular (C), square (H), and circular (M) myocytes show the cells shortened about 24%, 18%, and 14% along the longest cell dimension, respectively. Fourth column: The contractile traction map of the triangular (D) and square (I) myocytes displayed high traction stresses at the cellular corners. The contraction map of the circular myocyte (N) indicated that the cell broke radial symmetry, with the principal axis of contraction along the 3 to 9 o'clock axis. Fifth column: Numerical results of predicted traction (T) of triangular (E), square (J), and circular (O) myocytes replicated experimental results. In the fourth and fifth columns, the color scale and arrows represent the magnitude and direction of traction, respectively. Color values in simulated results are in arbitrary units; scale bars are .