Table 4.
Multivariate analysis to determine associations between short term care provided for patients with stroke and clinical and sociodemographic factors
| Variables | Admission to hospital (n=2672) | Stroke unit admission (n=2382) | Brain imaging (n=2153) | Swallow assessment (n=2667) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Period of stroke: | |||||||||||
| 1995-7 | 1.00 | <0.001* | 1.00 | <0.001* | 1.00 | <0.001* | 1.00 | <0.001* | |||
| 1998-2000 | 1.45 (0.93 to 2.27) | 1.51 (1.07 to 2.13) | 1.15 (0.49 to 2.70) | 0.62 (0.25 to 1.55) | |||||||
| 2001-3 | 2.83 (1.92 to 4.18) | 10.07 (7.57 to 13.39) | 1.59 (0.78 to 3.23) | 0.26 (0.13 to 0.51) | |||||||
| 2004-6 | 5.97 (3.85 to 9.27) | 17.43 (12.93 to 23.50) | 15.04 (3.42 to 66.29) | 0.16 (0.09 to 0.31) | |||||||
| 2007-9 | 13.17 (7.41 to 23.39) | 22.65 (16.19 to 31.69) | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.22) | ||||||||
| Men | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.14 | |||
| Women | 1.02 (0.76 to 1.37) | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.25) | 1.24 (0.64 to 2.41) | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.09) | |||||||
| Age (years): | |||||||||||
| <64 | 1.00 | 0.11* | 1.00 | 0.16* | 1.00 | 0.004* | 1.00 | 0.96* | |||
| 65-74 | 1.12 (0.77 to 1.64) | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.25) | 1.42 (0.45 to 4.45) | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.25) | |||||||
| 75-84 | 0.77 (0.53 to 1.13) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.30) | 0.66 (0.23 to 1.84) | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.75) | |||||||
| ≥85 | 0.75 (0.43 to 1.30) | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.03) | 0.30 (0.10 to 0.90) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.45) | |||||||
| Ethnicity: | |||||||||||
| White | 1.00 | 0.48 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 1.00 | 0.63 | |||
| Black | 1.26 (0.86 to 1.85) | 1.76 (1.35 to 2.29) | 0.75 (0.31 to 1.82) | 1.20 (0.80 to 1.78) | |||||||
| Other | 1.10 (0.58 to 2.09) | 1.21 (0.78 to 1.90) | 0.76 (0.18 to 3.13) | 0.93 (0.48 to 1.81) | |||||||
| Socioeconomic status: | |||||||||||
| Non-manual | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.89 | |||
| Manual | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.37) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.32) | 0.76 (0.31 to 1.82) | 1.08 (0.76 to 1.54) | |||||||
| Economically inactive | 0.89 (0.45 to 1.78) | 0.89 (0.63 to 1.26) | 0.16 (0.06 to 0.42) | 0.97 (0.58 to 1.64) | |||||||
| Living conditions before stroke: | |||||||||||
| Alone in private accommodation | 1.00 | 0.58 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.05 | |||
| With others in private accommodation | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.16) | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.03) | 0.97 (0.48 to 1.97) | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.39) | |||||||
| Nursing home or other | 0.86 (0.46 to 1.60) | 0.76 (0.53 to 1.09) | 0.45 (0.20 to 1.05) | 2.21 (1.06 to 4.59) | |||||||
| Stroke subtype: | |||||||||||
| Infarct | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.83 | |||
| Haemorrhage | 17.49 (4.19 to 72.98) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.31) | 3.60 (1.02 to 12.72) | 0.95 (0.56 to 1.58) | |||||||
| Glasgow coma scale score: | |||||||||||
| <13 (impaired consciousness) | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.87 | |||
| ≥13 | 0.06 (0.007 to 0.41) | 1.61 (1.23 to 2.11) | 1.92 (0.86 to 4.29) | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.52) | |||||||
| Incontinence: | |||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.21 | |||
| Yes | 9.17 (4.89 to 17.21) | 0.90 (0.70 to 1.16) | 1.09 (0.48 to 2.49) | 1.29 (0.86 to 1.94) | |||||||
| Motor deficit: | |||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 040 | 1.00 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.24 (0.89 to 1.75) | 1.52 (1.12 to 2.06) | 0.86 (0.29 to 2.60) | 2.25 (1.55 to 3.26) | |||||||
| Swallow deficit: | |||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.10 | — | — | |||
| Yes | 13.3 (5.33 to 33.22) | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.72) | 1.44 (0.63 to 3.26) | — | |||||||
All analyses are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, stroke subtype, level of consciousness, incontinence, motor deficit, dysphagia, and year of stroke.
*P trend.