Table 4.

Summary and relative cost allocation of programmatic interventions by phase and intervention category

		Prevention		Diagnosis		Surveillance		Management
		Major interventions	Cost per head at risk (US$)	Major interventions	Cost per head at risk (US$)	Major interventions	Cost per head at risk (US$)	Major interventions	Cost per head at risk (US$)
China (Hainan)
CLM		80% ITN coverage in high-risk areas; 80% LLIN coverage in remote areas	0·06	Microscopy at all township hospitals; RDTs in remote areas	0·02	60% coverage of passive internet reporting; active surveillance in high-endemic sites; IRS response to outbreaks	0·02	266–528 management staff (0·03–0·06 per head at risk) at provincial, county, and township levels	0·05
Elimination		100% LLIN coverage in high-risk areas	0·18	Microscopy at all township hospitals with PCR validation; RDTs in remote areas	0·03	100% coverage of passive internet reporting; active case detection in all endemic sites; screening of febrile cases at borders lower threshold for IRS response to outbreaks	0·07	529–791 management staff (0·06–0·09 per head at risk) at provincial, county, and township levels	0·16
	Change (%)		219%		66%		240%		206%
China (Jiangsu)
CLM		Personal protection*	0·00	Microscopy at 50% of township hospitals	0·01	50% coverage of passive internet reporting; active surveillance in high-endemic sites; IRS response to outbreaks	0·04	1573–3142 management staff (0·03–0·05 per head at risk) at provincial, county, and township levels	0·05
Elimination		Personal protection*	0·00	Microscopy at all township hospitals with PCR confirmation	0·02	100% coverage of passive internet reporting; active case detection in all endemic sites; screening of febrile cases at borders; lower threshold for IRS response to outbreaks	0·10	3143–4712 management staff (0·05–0·08 per head at risk) at provincial, county, and township levels	0·11
	Change (%)		NA		117%		138%		130%
Mauritius
Elimination		13% IRS coverage; island-wide larviciding	2·58	All suspected cases confirmed with microscopy	0·10	ABER=7·8%, through border screening and case follow-up	1·16	1032 unskilled labour and field staff; 306 skilled and managerial staff	0·19
Prevention of reintroduction		<1% IRS coverage; island-wide larviciding	1·05	All suspected cases confirmed with microscopy	0·09	ABER=3·4%, almost all through border screening	0·91	266 unskilled labour and field staff; 260 skilled and managerial staff	0·40
	Change (%)		−57%		−5%		−17%		117%
Swaziland
CLM		5% ITN; 30% IRS coverage	1·63	0% cases confirmed	0·37	Passive surveillance only	0·36	Four central staff	1·57
Elimination		95% ITN; 95% IRS coverage	3·41	95% cases confirmed with RDT or microscopy	1·82	Active surveillance around new cases	3·02	12 central staff	2·99
	Change (%)		109%		395%		733%		90%
Tanzania (Zanzibar)
CLM		100% LLIN coverage; 95% IRS coverage reduced to 10% after 2 years	1·61	All suspected cases tested with RDTs or microscopy in public facilities	0·39	Mobile technology reporting system in all public facilities	0·53	19 core programme staff	0·28
Elimination		100% LLIN coverage; 95% IRS coverage reduced to 25% after 2 years and 10% after 4 years	1·72	All fever cases tested with RDTs in public and private facilities with PCR validation	0·52	Reporting system extended to private sector; screening of households around all new cases	0·90	85 core programme staff	0·54
	Change (%)		6%		32%		70%		95%

In 2008 US$. CLM=controlled low-endemic malaria. ITN=insecticide-treated bednet. LLIN=longlasting insecticide-treated bednet. RDT=rapid diagnostic test. IRS=indoor residual spraying. NA=not applicable. ABER=annual blood examination rate.

^*includes measures such as untreated bednets and commercial insecticide sprays. For further information about intervention strategies and costs, see webappendix p 30.