Figure 1.
Pepsin-trypsin-digested (PT-) gliadin is a potent stimulus for cytokine production by peripheral blood monoonuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from healthy controls (HC) and patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet (CD-GFD) were incubated with medium alone or PT-gliadin (1 mg/ml) for 24 hr. Supernatants were assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-13 production as indicated. Each dot represents a single donor. Horizontal lines are drawn at the median value in each group. *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001, ****P < 0·0001.