Table 5.
Steps | U.S./Australia |
Scandinavia |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WR_G1 | PD_G1 | S_G1 | WR_G1 | PD_G1 | S_G1 | |
1 Autoregressor_KG | .516*** | .496*** | .364*** | .477*** | .419*** | .391*** |
2 Vocabularyb | .000 | .000 | .000 | .020a* | .001 | .062*** |
3 RAN_KG | .071*** | .038*** | .025*** | .066*** | .053** | .026* |
4 PA_KG | .011** | .013** | .097*** | .004a | .008a | .097*** |
3 PA_KG | .021*** | .023** | .102*** | .000 | .000 | .107*** |
4 RAN_KG | .061*** | .029*** | .019*** | .071*** | .061*** | .017† |
Total R2 | .60 | .55 | .49 | .57 | .48 | .57 |
Note. WR_G1 = Word recognition – Grade 1; PD_G1 = Phonological decoding – Grade 1; S_G1 = Spelling – Grade 1; Autoregressor_KG = the same reading and spelling variable measured at Kindergarten; RAN_KG = Rapid naming – Kindergarten; PA_KG = Phonological awareness – Kindergarten;
Negative regression weight;
Vocabulary was only assessed in preschool.
p < .10.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.