Table 1.

Standard and Personally Controlled Health Record Platform Approaches to Health Record

Domain	Standard health record approach	PCHR platform approach
“Owner” of record	Provider, organization	Patient
Record access	Through authority (provider)	Through patient
Data system	Somewhat inflexible	Highly flexible
Data model	Vertical by disease, problem	Relational across diseases, problems
Record integration	Fragmented across settings	Integrated across settings
Institutional relationship	Tethered to a specific care setting, intermediated through provider or care environment	Institutionally tethered through subscription and server storage but may be disintermediated
Authentication	Institutional identify	PCHR based
Friendly to services, applications	No	Yes, contingent on access, consent, standards
Research friendly	Historically not, typically narrow, purpose-driven around care monitoring	Emerging models for engaging cohorts, can support broad investigations