TABLE 2.
Oculomotor Task Results
| Task | Controls | ADHD-all | p | Effect Size (Cohen d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visually guided saccade | (n = 32) | (n = 26) | ||
| Proportion of errors | 0.0103 ± 0.015 | 0.0107 ± 0.014 | .910 | 0.03 |
| Latency, ms | 232.88 ± 38.73 | 226.99 ± 38.32 | .566 | −0.16 |
| Accuracy (degrees of visual angle) | 1.28 ± .73 | 1.16 ± 0.50 | .468 | −0.19 |
| Fixation | (n = 31) | (n = 25) | ||
| Proportion of errors | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.26 ±0.19 | .001 | 0.90 |
| Antisaccade | (n = 33) | (n = 26) | ||
| Proportion of errors | 0.46 ± 0.21 | 0.61 ± 0.22 | .010 | 0.70 |
| Accuracy (degrees of visual angle) | 4.39 ± 1.23 | 4.72 ± 0.94 | .260 | 0.30 |
| Memory-guided saccade | (n = 33) | (n = 26) | ||
| Proportion of errors | 0.26 ± 0.19 | 0.41 ± 0.22 | .006 | 0.73 |
| Accuracy | ||||
| Initial saccade (degrees of visual angle) | 2.62 ± 1.14 | 2.52 ± 0.87 | .713 | −0.10 |
| Resting saccade (degrees of visual angle) | 2.25 ± 1.30 | 2.17 ± 0.79 | .780 | −0.07 |
Note: Data (mean values collapsed across all interstimulus fixation or delay periods) were analyzed using t test to determine differences between groups for proportion of errors for all tasks; latency only for visually guided saccade; and accuracy for spatial locations for visually guided saccade, antisaccade, and memory-guided saccade. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-all = all children with ADHD.