Table 1.
Participant characteristics one month before pregnancy
| Men with children | Men without children | All men | Women with children | Women without children | All women | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables (%) | n = 113 (%) |
n = 95 (%) |
n = 208 (%) |
n = 121 (%) |
n = 103 (%) |
n = 224 (%) |
| Mean age | 34 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 28 | 30 |
| Cohabiting1 | 102 (99) | 94 (99) | 206 (99) | 119 (98) | 102 (99) | 221 (99) |
| Lower education2 | 49 (43) | 40 (42) | 89 (43) | 55 (45) | 42 (41) | 97 (43) |
| Higher education3 | 64 (57) | 55 (58) | 119 (57) | 66 (55) | 61 (59) | 127 (57) |
| Personal financial situation4 | 100 (89) | 83 (87) | 183 (88) | 102 (84) | 88 (85) | 190 (85) |
| Living in the countryside5 | 49 (43) | 24 (25) | 73 (35) | 52 (43) | 27 (26) | 79 (35) |
| Living in a town6 | 64 (57) | 71 (75) | 135 (65) | 69 (57) | 76 (74) | 145 (65) |
| Owning a dog or a horse | 31 (27) | 17 (18) | 48 (23) | 32 (26) | 20 (19) | 52 (23) |
| Being a smoker7 | 22 (20) | 18 (19) | 40 (19) | 16 (13) | 27 (26) | 43 (19) |
| Using snuff8 | 43 (38) | 34 (36) | 77 (37) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 5 (2) |
| Drinking alcohol9 | 80 (70) | 79 (83) | 159 (77) | 65 (51) | 66 (64) | 128 (57) |
| Drinking no alcohol | 33 (30) | 16 (17) | 49 (23) | 59 (49) | 37 (36) | 96 (43) |
1married/living with a partner
2completion of nine-year compulsory school, senior high-school
3completion of university education
4able to cover an unexpected cost of 14 000 Swedish crowns (approximately 1400 Euros) within one week
5a small village in the countryside with mainly single-family houses
6a densely built-up area, in a quarter of a town or in a suburb
7smokes regularly/sometimes
8using snuff (a Swedish smokeless tobacco) regularly/sometimes
9drinking 1-9 glasses/week