Table 1.
Number and proportion of women with dispensed drugs from 3 months prior to pregnancy until 3 months postpartum according to the Prescribed Drug Register among 102,995 women delivered in Sweden, 2007
| ATC category |
Until 3 months before pregnancy |
First trimester |
Second trimester |
Third trimester |
Lactation period 0–3 months |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Alimentary tract and metabolism (A) | 4510 | 4.38 | 5305 | 5.15 | 4324 | 4.20 | 4099 | 3.98 | 4695 | 4.56 |
| Antacids and drugs for peptic ulcer (A02) | 1524 | 1.48 | 1713 | 1.66 | 1220 | 1.18 | 1213 | 1.18 | 668 | 0.65 |
| Propulsive (A03) | 286 | 0.28 | 938 | 0.91 | 389 | 0.38 | 123 | 0.12 | 202 | 0.20 |
| Anti-intestinal inflammatory drugs (A07E) | 304 | 0.30 | 291 | 0.28 | 284 | 0.28 | 265 | 0.26 | 242 | 0.23 |
| Insulin (A10A) | 392 | 0.38 | 527 | 0.51 | 654 | 0.63 | 884 | 0.86 | 392 | 0.38 |
| Drugs for diabetes (A10B) | 215 | 0.21 | 121 | 0.12 | 14 | 0.01 | 8 | 0.01 | 28 | 0.03 |
| Blood and blood-forming organs (B) | 2008 | 1.95 | 3147 | 3.06 | 3457 | 3.36 | 3213 | 3.12 | 2974 | 2.89 |
| Antithrombotic agents (B01) | 197 | 0.19 | 1016 | 0.99 | 1215 | 1.18 | 1024 | 0.99 | 1963 | 1.91 |
| Iron (B03A) | 412 | 0.40 | 583 | 0.57 | 925 | 0.90 | 799 | 0.78 | 448 | 0.43 |
| Vitamin B12 and folic acid (B03B) | 1312 | 1.27 | 1560 | 1.51 | 1446 | 1.40 | 1467 | 1.42 | 503 | 0.49 |
| Cardiovascular system (C) | 1106 | 1.07 | 982 | 0.95 | 1052 | 1.02 | 1612 | 1.57 | 3153 | 3.06 |
| Diuretic (C03) | 131 | 0.13 | 99 | 0.10 | 53 | 0.05 | 69 | 0.07 | 138 | 0.13 |
| Beta-blockers (C07) | 448 | 0.43 | 448 | 0.43 | 407 | 0.40 | 751 | 0.73 | 1198 | 1.16 |
| Calcium blockers (C08) | 54 | 0.05 | 35 | 0.03 | 51 | 0.05 | 100 | 0.10 | 178 | 0.17 |
| Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system (C09) | 92 | 0.09 | 44 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.003 | 5 | 0.005 | 132 | 0.13 |
| Dermatologicals (D) | 3789 | 3.68 | 3452 | 3.35 | 3246 | 3.15 | 2498 | 2.43 | 4428 | 4.30 |
| Antifungals for dermatological use (D01A) | 749 | 0.73 | 815 | 0.79 | 799 | 0.78 | 555 | 0.54 | 2065 | 2.00 |
| Antibiotics and chemotherapy for dermatological use (D06) | 298 | 0.29 | 224 | 0.22 | 176 | 0.17 | 137 | 0.13 | 298 | 0.29 |
| Dermal corticosteroids (D07) | 1808 | 1.76 | 1540 | 1.50 | 1521 | 1.48 | 1099 | 1.07 | 1388 | 1.35 |
| Antiacne preparations (D10) | 531 | 0.52 | 428 | 0.42 | 265 | 0.26 | 137 | 0.13 | 152 | 0.15 |
| Genitourinary system and sex hormones (G) | 10,920 | 10.60 | 5624 | 5.46 | 1488 | 1.44 | 1012 | 0.98 | 24,365 | 23.66 |
| Gynecological anti-infectives (G01) | 623 | 0.60 | 1038 | 1.01 | 1291 | 1.25 | 902 | 0.88 | 323 | 0.31 |
| Other gynecologicals (G02) | 610 | 0.59 | 137 | 0.13 | 10 | 0.01 | 13 | 0.01 | 2103 | 2.04 |
| Sex hormones (G03) | 9846 | 9.56 | 4509 | 4.38 | 152 | 0.15 | 63 | 0.06 | 22,569 | 21.91 |
| Systemic hormonal preparations (H) | 3666 | 3.56 | 3047 | 2.96 | 2758 | 2.68 | 2515 | 2.44 | 6015 | 5.84 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use (H02) | 907 | 0.88 | 585 | 0.57 | 394 | 0.38 | 315 | 0.31 | 631 | 0.61 |
| Thyroid therapy (H03) | 1742 | 1.69 | 2102 | 2.04 | 2349 | 2.28 | 2187 | 2.12 | 1867 | 1.81 |
| Anti-infectives for systemic use (J) | 11,622 | 11.28 | 10,835 | 10.52 | 11,492 | 11.16 | 10,506 | 10.20 | 14,897 | 14.46 |
| Antibacterials for systemic use (J01) | 10,015 | 9.72 | 10,012 | 9.72 | 11,081 | 10.76 | 9720 | 9.44 | 14,183 | 13.77 |
| Tetracyclines (J01A) | 1549 | 1.50 | 674 | 0.65 | 75 | 0.07 | 18 | 0.02 | 475 | 0.46 |
| B-lactam antibacterials and penicillins (J01C) | 5867 | 5.70 | 6664 | 6.47 | 7810 | 7.58 | 6496 | 6.31 | 9123 | 8.86 |
| Other B-lactams (J01D) | 735 | 0.71 | 982 | 0.95 | 1442 | 1.40 | 1368 | 1.33 | 3983 | 3.87 |
| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) | 903 | 0.88 | 376 | 0.37 | 86 | 0.08 | 99 | 0.10 | 827 | 0.80 |
| Macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (J01F) | 771 | 0.75 | 414 | 0.40 | 425 | 0.41 | 388 | 0.38 | 964 | 0.94 |
| Quinolones (J01M) | 812 | 0.79 | 310 | 0.30 | 34 | 0.03 | 27 | 0.03 | 197 | 0.19 |
| Other antibacterials (J01X) | 546 | 0.53 | 1624 | 1.58 | 2515 | 2.44 | 2324 | 2.26 | 380 | 0.37 |
| Antimycotics for systemic use (J02) | 1160 | 1.13 | 503 | 0.49 | 182 | 0.18 | 186 | 0.18 | 818 | 0.79 |
| Antiviral therapy (J05A) | 627 | 0.61 | 375 | 0.36 | 222 | 0.22 | 720 | 0.70 | 278 | 0.27 |
| Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (L) | 1709 | 1.66 | 531 | 0.52 | 98 | 0.10 | 88 | 0.09 | 149 | 0.14 |
| Immunosuppressant (L04) | 135 | 0.13 | 109 | 0.11 | 86 | 0.08 | 78 | 0.08 | 117 | 0.11 |
| Musculoskeletal system (M) | 3784 | 3.67 | 1522 | 1.48 | 488 | 0.47 | 238 | 0.23 | 7408 | 7.19 |
| NSAID (M01A) | 3520 | 3.42 | 1315 | 1.28 | 350 | 0.34 | 163 | 0.16 | 7272 | 7.06 |
| Muscle relaxants (M03) | 251 | 0.24 | 126 | 0.12 | 99 | 0.10 | 49 | 0.05 | 58 | 0.06 |
| Nervous system (N) | 7494 | 7.28 | 6086 | 5.91 | 4849 | 4.71 | 4464 | 4.33 | 8071 | 7.84 |
| Opioids (N02A) | 1791 | 1.74 | 1461 | 1.42 | 1754 | 1.70 | 1919 | 1.86 | 3362 | 3.26 |
| Analgetics (N02B) | 1551 | 1.51 | 1312 | 1.27 | 1289 | 1.25 | 1132 | 1.10 | 3233 | 3.14 |
| Antimigraine (N02C) | 825 | 0.80 | 521 | 0.51 | 260 | 0.25 | 149 | 0.14 | 209 | 0.20 |
| Antiepileptics (N03) | 337 | 0.33 | 308 | 0.30 | 261 | 0.25 | 244 | 0.24 | 307 | 0.30 |
| Antipsychotics (N05A) | 194 | 0.19 | 677 | 0.66 | 189 | 0.18 | 64 | 0.06 | 114 | 0.11 |
| Sedatives (N05B) | 1001 | 0.97 | 569 | 0.55 | 224 | 0.22 | 160 | 0.16 | 578 | 0.56 |
| Hypnotics (N05C) | 1193 | 1.16 | 764 | 0.74 | 498 | 0.48 | 555 | 0.54 | 556 | 0.54 |
| Antidepressants (N06A) | 3102 | 3.01 | 2062 | 2.00 | 1257 | 1.22 | 1029 | 1.00 | 1653 | 1.60 |
| Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents (P) | 1223 | 1.19 | 472 | 0.46 | 238 | 0.23 | 158 | 0.15 | 2690 | 2.61 |
| Respiratory system (R) | 7761 | 7.54 | 13,050 | 12.67 | 12,214 | 11.86 | 10,747 | 10.43 | 5450 | 5.29 |
| Nasal preparations (R01) | 2936 | 2.85 | 2930 | 2.84 | 4081 | 3.96 | 3369 | 3.27 | 1453 | 1.41 |
| Antiasthmatics (R03) | 2226 | 2.16 | 2294 | 2.23 | 2711 | 2.63 | 2524 | 2.45 | 1556 | 1.51 |
| Cough and cold preparations (R05) | 2378 | 2.31 | 2599 | 2.52 | 3481 | 3.38 | 3030 | 2.94 | 1470 | 1.43 |
| Antihistamines (R06) | 2316 | 2.25 | 7727 | 7.50 | 4721 | 4.58 | 3868 | 3.76 | 2011 | 1.95 |
| Sensory organs (S) | 2340 | 2.27 | 2011 | 1.95 | 1895 | 1.84 | 1508 | 1.46 | 1986 | 1.93 |
| Ophthalmologicals (S01) | 1790 | 1.74 | 1513 | 1.47 | 1452 | 1.41 | 1157 | 1.12 | 1533 | 1.49 |
| Total | 37,277 | 36.19 | 36,167 | 35.12 | 32,002 | 31.07 | 29,572 | 28.71 | 52,267 | 50.75 |
Abbreviations: ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.