Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Jan 12;50(7):848–853. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.004

Fig. 5. Modulation of urinary DHN-MA metabolite levels (mean ± SD) by vitamin C supplements in nonsmoking men and women (top panel) and in smoking men and women (bottom panel).

Fig. 5

Vitamin C supplementation had a different effect on urinary DHN-MA depending upon the sex and cigarette smoking habits of the participants (3-way interaction p=0.0304). As with the other metabolites, there was an overall effect of vitamin C supplementation on urinary DHN-MA (p=0.0165). Additionally, vitamin C supplementation decreased urinary DHN-MA (p<0.05) in non-smoking men compared with nonsmoking women, and also in non-smoking men compared with smoking men. Bars within a graph bearing the same letter are not different from each other.