TABLE IV.
Women’s Suffrage Laws and Cause-Specific Mortality
| Dependent Variable | Estimate | Standard Error | N | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ln(Typhoid Deaths) | −0.058 | (0.070) | 1,109 | 0.97 |
| ln(Malaria Deaths) | −0.067 | (0.130) | 911 | 0.96 |
| ln(Small Pox Deaths) | −0.237 | (0.233) | 690 | 0.55 |
| ln(Measles Deaths) | −0.061 | (0.133) | 1,094 | 0.73 |
| ln(Scarlet Fever Deaths) | 0.174 | (0.162) | 1,107 | 0.89 |
| ln(Whooping Cough Deaths) | −0.052 | (0.090) | 1,108 | 0.90 |
| ln(Diphtheria Deaths) | −0.241* | (0.125) | 1,106 | 0.95 |
| ln(Influenza Deaths) | −0.089 | (0.085) | 1,109 | 0.97 |
| ln(Meningitis Deaths) | −0.234** | (0.097) | 1,107 | 0.93 |
| ln(Pneumonia Deaths) | −0.050 | (0.042) | 1,109 | 0.99 |
| ln(Diarrhea Deaths Under Two) | −0.114* | (0.065) | 1,109 | 0.98 |
| ln(TB Deaths) | −0.044 | (0.042) | 1,109 | 1.00 |
| ln(Childbirth Deaths) | 0.001 | (0.053) | 1,109 | 0.98 |
| ln(Heart Disease Deaths) | −0.002 | (0.030) | 1,109 | 0.99 |
| ln(Diabetes Deaths) | 0.038 | (0.042) | 1,108 | 0.99 |
| ln(Nephritis Deaths) | −0.003 | (0.034) | 1,109 | 0.99 |
| ln(Cancer Deaths) | −0.014 | (0.030) | 1,109 | 1.00 |
| ln(Accidents/Violent Deaths) | −0.022 | (0.041) | 1,109 | 0.99 |
| ln(Suicide Deaths) | −0.029 | (0.030) | 1,109 | 0.99 |
| ln(Childhood Infectious Disease Deaths) | −0.175*** | (0.078) | 7,323 | 0.81 |
| ln(Other Deaths) | −0.067 | (0.046) | 9,782 | 0.88 |
Mortality data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census’ annual Mortality Statistics . Single cause estimates and standard errors (in parentheses, clustered by state) shown for the women’s suffrage law dummy variable obtained by estimating equation 1 (controlling for state and year fixed effects and state-specific linear time trends) for each individual cause of death using the unbalanced mortality sample with state-year observations, 1900-1936. Grouped cause estimates and standard errors (in parentheses, clustered by state) in the bottom two rows obtained by regressing ln(deaths ) on individual cause dummy variables, cause-specific linear time trends, state fixed effects, and year fixed effects separately for infectious childhood diseases (diphtheria, meningitis, diarrhea under age two, measles, scarlet fever, smallpox, and whooping cough) and other causes (typhoid fever, malaria, pneumonia, diabetes, circulatory disease, Bright’s disease/nephritis, cancer/tumors, accidents/violent deaths, and suicide) using the unbalanced sample of cause-state-year observations, 1900-1936.
p<0.10
p<0.05
p<0.01.