TABLE 1.
Data Inputs for Model Variables
| Variable (units) | Mean | Standard Deviation | 95% Range | Distribution Type | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||||
| Costs (US$) | ||||||
| Influenza | ||||||
| Home Treatment | 15.61 | - | 11.7 | 19.52 | Δ | [22] |
| Antiviral Medication (Oseltamivir) | 99.32 | 21.99 | - | - | γ | [22] |
| Vaccine (LAIV) | 25 | - | - | - | - | [22] |
| Vaccine TIV) | 15 | - | - | - | - | [22] |
| Clinic Cost | ||||||
| Commercial Insurance | 20.26 | - | - | - | - | [24–25, 40] |
| Uninsured | 13.53 | - | - | - | - | [24–25, 40] |
| Hospitalization | ||||||
| Commercial Insurance | 1,013.41 | 1,195.84 | - | - | γ | [24, 40] |
| Uninsured | 2,512.62 | 3,433.98 | - | - | γ | [24–25, 40] |
| ICU (in addition to hospitalization) | ||||||
| Commercial Insurance | 1,450.66 | 1299.34 | - | - | γ | [24, 40] |
| Uninsured | 4,721.98 | 3,956.70 | - | - | γ | [24–25, 40] |
| Daily Wage | 128.30 | - | 66.08 | 313.04 | Δ | [23] |
| Vaccine Side Effects | ||||||
| Minor Side Effects | 15.61 | - | 11.7 | 19.52 | Δ | [22] |
| Hospitalization for Major Side Effects | ||||||
| Commercial Insurance | 1,555.01 | 1,529.14 | - | - | γ | [24, 40] |
| Uninsured | 5,247.99 | 5,117.31 | - | - | γ | [25, 40] |
| ICU | ||||||
| Commercial Insurance | 2610 | 2571.57 | - | - | γ | [24, 40] |
| Uninsured | 10,577.82 | 10,382.13 | - | - | γ | [25, 40] |
| Probabilities (%) | ||||||
| Seasonal Influenza | ||||||
| Influenza | 6.6 | 1.7 | - | - | β | [26] |
| Influenza Outcomes | ||||||
| Hospitalization (given clinic visit) | 0.4 | - | 0.1 | 0.7 | Δ | [26, 41] |
| Case Fatality Rate (given hospitalization) | 0.9 | 0.3 | - | -- | β | [26] |
| Clinic Visit (given symptomatic infection) | 31.3 | 1.4 | β | [26] | ||
| ICU (given hospitalization) | 15 | - | - | - | - | [42] |
| H1N1 Influenza | - | |||||
| Influenza | 11.5 | - | 6.5 | 19.4 | Δ | [29] |
| Influenza Outcomes | - | |||||
| Hospitalization (given clinic visit) | 0.56 | - | - | - | - | [43] |
| Case Fatality Rate (given hospitalization)a | 0.01 | - | 0.007 | 0.016 | Δ | [30] |
| Clinic Visit (given symptomatic infection) | 31.3 | 1.4 | - | - | β | [26] |
| ICU (given hospitalization) | 20 | - | - | - | - | [44] |
| Vaccines | ||||||
| LAIV | ||||||
| Major Side Effects | 0.002 | - | - | - | - | [32] |
| Major Side Effects ICU | 33 | - | - | - | - | [45] |
| Minor Side Effects | 5 | - | - | - | - | [46] |
| Seasonal Vaccine Efficacy | 62 | - | 45 | 73 | Δ | [47] |
| H1N1 Vaccine Efficacy (LAIV) | 83 | - | - | - | - | [48–49] |
| TIV | ||||||
| Major Side Effects | 0.0003 | - | - | - | - | [31] |
| Major Side Effects ICU | 33 | - | - | - | - | [45] |
| Minor Side Effects | 5 | - | - | - | - | [46] |
| Seasonal Vaccine Efficacy (TIV) | 74 | - | 50 | 80 | Δ | [47] |
| H1N1 Vaccine Efficacy (TIV) | 78 | - | - | - | - | [48–49] |
| Vaccine Reduces Hospitalization | 56.5 | - | 45 | 68 | Δ | [46] |
| Vaccine Reduces Mortality | 21 | - | 0 | 42 | Δ | [46] |
| Time (Days) | ||||||
| Work Absenteeismb | 1.03 | - | 0.5 | 1.5 | Δ | [26, 50–51] |
| Hospitalization (due to influenza) | 3 | - | - | - | - | [55] |
a
Data presents median and interval estimate
b
Number of days absent from work due to symptomatic influenza infection