Table 2.

Overview of studies investigating bisphosphonates in models of breast cancer bone metastases

Breast cancer model	Bisphosphonate (dose)	Effect	Reference
MDA-MB-231: intracardiac implantation	Risedronate (0.4, 4 and 40 μg/mouse/day)	Reduced osteolytic lesion volume Reduced intra-osseous tumour volume Increased bone-associated soft tissue tumour burden	[45]
MDA-MB-231: intracardiac implantation	YH529 (0.2, 2 and 20 μg/mouse/day)	Reduced osteolytic lesion volume Reduced intra-osseous tumour volume Increased bone-associated soft tissue tumour burden after 0.2 and 2 μg doses, decreased after 20 μg	[46]
4T1/luc: bone metastases	Zoledronic acid (0.5 and 5 μg/mouse)	Reduced osteolytic lesion volume Increased tumour cell apoptosis	[51]
MDA-MB-231: intracardiac implantation	Ibandronate (4 μg/mouse/day, 7 days)	Reduced osteolytic lesion volume Reduced intra-osseous tumour volume	[49]
MDA-MB-231: injected in femoral artery, nude rats	Ibandronate (10 μg/kg/day)	Reduced osteolytic lesion volume Reduced intra-osseous tumour volume	[50]
MDA-MB-231/luc: intracardiac and intra-osseous implantation	Olpandronate (1.6 μm/kg/day, 18 days/40 days) Pamidronate (1.6 μm/kg/day, 40 days)	Olpandronate: reduced osteolytic lesion volume and reduced intra-osseous tumour volume Pamidronate: reduced lytic lesions and intra-osseous tumour growth after intratibial implantation No effect of BPs on bone-associated soft tissue burden	[47]
B02: generates bone metastases following intravenous injection	Zoledronic acid (3 and 7 μg/kg/day; 20 and 50 μg/kg/week; 100 μg/kg 1×) Clodronate (530 μg/kg/day)	Clinically relevant doses used No effect of a single dose of zoledronic acid Weekly and daily administration of zoledronic acid reduced osteolysis and intra-osseous tumour growth Daily clodronate less effective compared to zoledronic acid	[52]