Preponderance of females. |
Similar pathophysiology. |
Systemic autoimmune diseases have similar signs and symptoms. |
Severity is inversely related to the age of onset. |
Similar environmental agents (that is, tobacco, Epstein-Barr virus, and so on) may influence autoimmune diseases. |
Ancestry might influence the clinical presentation. |
Common genetic factors (for example, HLA-DRB1, STAT4, IRF5, PTPN22, CD226, FCGR3B, CD44, and TAGAP). |
Polyautoimunity (that is, autoimmune diseases may co-occur within patients). |
Aggregation. Familial autoimmunity (that is, diverse autoimmune diseases on multiple members of a nuclear family) seems to be more frequent than familial autoimmune disease (that is, one specific autoimmune disease in various members of a nuclear family). |
The same pharmacological agent (biologic and non-biologic) may be useful in treating diverse autoimmune diseases. |