Table 4.
Risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease associated with gout
| Study estimate (95% CI) | Design | Population | Comparison | Multivariate risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| HPFS [73] | Cohort: stratified by baseline CHD status | 51,927 male health professionals, 40 to 75 years old | CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.25 (1.09, 1.45) |
| No CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.28 (1.15, 1.41) | |||
| MRFIT [74] | MRFIT RCT participants | 9,105 men, 41 to 63 years old | Gout vs. no gout | HR = 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) |
| CGMH [75] | Cohort: health screening programme participants | 61,527 men and women, 30 to 74 years old | Gout vs. normouricaemia | HR = 1.46 (1.12, 1.91) |
| All cardiovascular death | ||||
| HPFS [73] | Cohort: stratified by baseline CHD status | 51,927 male health professionals, 40 to 75 years old | CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.26 (1.07, 1.50) |
| No CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.38 (1.15, 1.66) | |||
| MRFIT [74] | MRFIT RCT participants | 9,105 men, 41 to 63 years old | Gout vs. no gout | HR = 1.21 (0.99, 1.49) |
| CGMH [75] | Cohort: health screening programme participants | 61,527 men and women, 30 to 74 years old | Gout vs. normouricaemia | HR = 1.97 (1.08, 3.59) |
| Fatal CHD | ||||
| HPFS [73] | Cohort: stratified by baseline CHD status | 51,927 male health professionals, 40 to 75 years old | CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) |
| No CHD: gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.55 (1.24, 1.93) | |||
| MRFIT [74] | MRFIT RCT participants | 9,105 men, 41 to 63 years old | Gout vs. no gout | HR = 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) |
| Fatal myocardial infarction | ||||
| MRFIT [74] | MRFIT RCT participants | 9,105 men, 41 to 63 years old | Gout vs. no gout | HR = 1.35 (0.94, 1.93) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Dutch primary care [76] | Follow-up of case-control study participants | 261 men and women | Gout vs. no gout | RR = 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) |
| Coronary heart disease | ||||
| Framingham Study [78] | Cohort | 2,316 men | Gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) |
| Meharry-Hopkins Study [77] | Cohort | 1,552 male physicians | Gout vs. no gout | RR = 0.59 (0.24, 1.46) |
| GPRD [13] | Case-control | 207,350 men and women | Gout vs. osteoarthritis | OR = 1.75 (1.70, 1.79) |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||
| Framingham Study [78] | Cohort | 2,316 men | Gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) |
| MRFIT [79] | MRFIT RCT participants | 12,866 men | Gout vs. no gout | OR = 1.26 (1.14, 1.40) |
| Angina pectoris | ||||
| Framingham Study [78] | Cohort | 2,316 men | Gout vs. no gout | RR = 1.8 (1.1, 3.2) |
CGMH, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; GPRD, General Practice Research Database; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; HR, hazard ratio; MRFIT, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial; OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomised controlled trial; RR, relative risk.