Table 2. Association of Cystatin C Quintiles With Internal Carotid IMT at the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Baseline Visit.

Cutoff (mg/L)	Cystatin C Quintile
	1		2		3		4		5
	≤0.74		0.75-0.82		0.83-0.90		0.91-1.02		≥1.03
Linear analyses
Model	β	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Unadjusted	0.00	Reference	0.055 (0.020 to 0.090)	0.002	0.099 (0.063 to 0.134)	<0.001	0.159 (0.124 to 0.194)	<0.001	0.261 (0.225 to 0.297)	<0.001
Demographic*	0.00	Reference	0.006 (−0.027 to 0.039)	0.7	0.009 (−0.025 to 0.043)	0.6	0.024 (−0.011 to 0.059)	0.2	0.071 (0.034 to 0.108)	<0.001
Full†	0.00	Reference	−0.003 (−0.036 to 0.029)	0.8	−0.010 (−0.043 to 0.024)	0.6	−0.010 (−0.044 to 0.025)	0.6	0.005 (−0.032 to 0.043)	0.8
High internal carotid IMT (≥ 1.46 mm)‡	OR		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)	P for trend
Unadjusted	1.00		1.41 (1.13 to 1.76)		1.77 (1.42 to 2.20)		2.30 (1.86 to 2.85)		3.46 (2.82 to 4.25)	<0.001
Demographic*	1.00		1.14 (0.91 to 1.44)		1.18 (0.94 to 1.49)		1.25 (1.00 to 1.56)		1.45 (1.16 to 1.82)	0.02
Full†	1.00		1.13 (0.89 to 1.43)		1.14 (0.90 to 1.44)		1.12 (0.89 to 1.41)		1.09 (0.86 to 1.38)	0.8

Note: P values are by category unless otherwise noted.

Abbeviations: CI, confidence interval; IMT, intima-media thickness; OR, odds ratio.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

^†Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, C-reactive protein level, interleukin 6 level, statin use, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensives, and microalbuminuria.

^‡Defined by the highest quintile.