Skip to main content
. 2011 Feb 21;60(3):746–756. doi: 10.2337/db10-1246

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Leucine deprivation improves insulin sensitivity in vivo. A–D: Mice were fed a control (ctrl), (−) leu, or pair-fed (pf) diet for 7 days, followed by fasting overnight or indicated times before measuring blood glucose and serum insulin levels (A), calculating HOMA-IR index (B), and carrying out GTT and ITT (C). Insulin signaling in liver, WAT, and muscle was examined before (− Ins) and after (+ Ins) 2 units/kg insulin stimulation for 3 to 5 min (D). Data are means ± SEM of at least two independent experiments with mice of each group for each experiment (n = 5–6 each group). Statistical significance is calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test for the effects of either group vs. control diet (*P < 0.01) and (−) leu vs. pair-fed diet (#P < 0.01) (A–C), or by two-tailed Student t test for the effects of (−) leu vs. control diet after insulin stimulation (*P < 0.05) (D).Blood glucose and serum insulin levels (A), HOMA-IR index (B), GTT and ITT (C), and p-IR and p-AKT protein (D) (top, Western blot; bottom, quantitative measurements of p-IR and p-AKT protein relative to their total protein).