Table 3a.
LLFS Probands: Measurement means in LLFS and comparison cohorts r adjusted for age, sex, race, education and smoking status.
| Cardiovascular Health Study | Framingham Heart Study – Original Cohort | Framingham Heart Study – Offspring Cohort | |||||||
| ALL (72 – 100) | ALL (79 – 103) | ALL (72 – 90) | |||||||
| LLFS (N = 1386) | CHS (N = 2964) | LLFS (N = 1369) | FHS – Original (N = 322) | LLFS (N = 575) | FHS – Offspring (N = 512) | ||||
| Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | |
| Anthropometrics | |||||||||
| Height (cm) | 160.3±0.24 | 160.8±0.31 | 0.5 | 160.0±0.23 | 159.7±0.43 | −0.3 | 162.6±0.34 | 162.6±0.61 | 0.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.1±0.38 | 62.0±0.57 | −5.1 *** | 66.6±0.38 | 64.7±0.63 | −1.9 * | 71.3±0.59 | 69.0±1.06 | −2.3 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 26.0±0.14 | 23.9±0.20 | −2.1 *** | 25.5±0.14 | 25.4±0.28 | −0.2 | 26.9±0.21 | 26.1±0.39 | −0.8 |
| Physical Function | |||||||||
| Gait Speed (m/s) | 0.72±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | −0.1 *** | 0.71±0.01 | 0.72±0.01 | 0.0 | |||
| Average Grip Strength (kg) | 19.8±0.20 | 21.1±0.34 | 1.3 ** | 19.4±0.19 | 18.3±0.32 | −1.1 ** | |||
| Cognitive Function | |||||||||
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test | 27.0±0.37 | 22.0±0.58 | −5.0 *** | ||||||
| Mini-Mental State Exam | 25.4±0.11 | 24.9±0.16 | −0.5 ** | 25.2±0.12 | 24.4±0.29 | −0.8 ** | 26.9±0.13 | 25.9±0.35 | −1.0 ** |
| Blood Pressure | |||||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressurea (mmHg) | 138.3±0.74 | 144.7±1.10 | 6.4 *** | 138.6±0.75 | 140.0±1.50 | 1.4 | 138.2±0.99 | 141.5±1.94 | 3.3 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressurea (mmHg) | 73.3±0.36 | 66.9±0.56 | −6.4 *** | 73.2±0.36 | 69.3±0.77 | −3.9 *** | 73.9±0.48 | 66.7±0.97 | −7.2 *** |
| Pulse Pressurea | 65.0±0.61 | 77.7± 0.91 | 12.6 *** | 65.4±0.61 | 70.8±1.28 | 5.4 *** | 64.3±0.79 | 74.7±1.66 | 10.4 *** |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)b | 96.1±0.65 | 109.0±1.17 | 12.9 *** | 95.7±0.97 | 105.7±1.61 | 10.0 *** | |||
| Lipids | |||||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL)c | 187.4±1.34 | 199.4± 1.94 | 12.1 *** | 187.1±1.32 | 181.4±2.49 | −5.7 * | 189.2±1.88 | 189.1±3.14 | −0.1 |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 109.2±1.09 | 121.1± 1.77 | 11.9 *** | 109.2±1.10 | 100.4±2.15 | −8.8 *** | 109.5±1.56 | 111.0±2.77 | 1.5 |
| Kidney Function | 109.6±1.79 | 129.5± 2.93 | 19.9 *** | 110.2±1.80 | 139.3±4.49 | 29.1 *** | 113.9±2.72 | 143.0±5.83 | 29.2 *** |
| Lung Function | 1.20±0.01 | 1.26±0.02 | 0.1 ** | 1.21±0.01 | 1.33±0.03 | 0.12 *** | 1.16±0.02 | 1.26±0.03 | 0.10 ** |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 2.24±0.02 | 2.33±0.03 | 0.1 * | ||||||
| Ankle-Arm Index | 1.06±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | −0.12 *** | 1.13±0.01 | 1.08±0.02 | −0.05 ** | |||
*
p ≤ 0.05
**
p ≤ 0.01
***
p ≤ 0.001
a
Model additionally adjusted for anti-hypertensive medication use.
b
Model additionally adjusted for oral hypoglycemic or insulin use.
c
Model additionally adjusted for lipid-lowering medication use.