Table 3b.
LLFS Offspring: Measurement means in LLFS and comparison cohorts adjusted for age, sex, race, education and smoking status.
| Cardiovascular Health Study | Framingham Heart Study – Original Cohort | Framingham Heart Study – Offspring Cohort | LONG LIFE Family Study – Controls | |||||||||
| ALL (65 – 88) | ALL (79 – 88) | ALL (33 – 88) | ALL (31 – 88) | |||||||||
| LLFS (N =776) | CHS (N=5804) | LLFS (N=51) | FHS – Original (N = 260) | LLFS (N=2321) | FHS – Offspring (N = 3247) | LLFS (N = 2744) | LLFS Controls (N = 783) | |||||
| Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | Mean± SE | Mean± SE | Difference | |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||
| Height (cm) | 166.5±0.30 | 166.0±0.11 | −0.4 | 162.1±1.01 | 162.2±0.62 | 0.0 | 167.2±0.22 | 166.3±0.14 | −0.8 *** | 167.3±0.21 | 167.7±0.24 | 0.5 |
| Weight (kg) | 77.5±0.58 | 73.0±0.23 | −4.5 *** | 77.2±2.25 | 70.5±1.16 | −6.7 ** | 77.6±0.42 | 77.1±0.32 | −0.5 | 77.6±0.39 | 77.4±0.52 | −0.2 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.9±0.21 | 26.4±0.08 | −1.5 *** | 29.3±0.82 | 26.3±0.43 | −3.0 *** | 27.7±0.15 | 27.8±0.12 | 0.1 | 27.7±0.14 | 27.4±0.18 | −0.3 |
| Physical Function | ||||||||||||
| Gait Speed (m/s) | 1.11±0.01 | 0.92±0.00 | −0.2 *** | 0.92±0.03 | 0.90±0.02 | 0.0 | 1.12±0.01 | 1.16±0.01 | 0.0 *** | |||
| Average Grip Strength (kg) | 29.2±0.28 | 29.7±0.13 | 0.5 | 22.8±1.04 | 21.4±0.56 | −1.3 | 30.7±0.19 | 31.2±0.28 | 0.5 | |||
| Cognitive Function | ||||||||||||
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test | 44.4±0.52 | 42.5±0.19 | −1.9 *** | 48.3±0.34 | 47.4±0.45 | −0.9 * | ||||||
| Mini-Mental StateExam | 28.6±0.10 | 28.5±0.03 | −0.1 | 27.6±0.69 | 27.8±0.26 | 0.2 | 28.7±0.06 | 28.5±0.05 | −0.2 ** | 28.7±0.05 | 28.7±0.08 | 0.1 |
| Blood Pressure | ||||||||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressurea (mmHg) | 134.1±0.84 | 133.5±0.37 | −0.6 | 140.3±2.82 | 141.8±2.21 | 1.5 | 131.1±0.53 | 126.8±0.42 | −4.3 *** | 129.5±0.46 | 130.8±0.77 | 1.3 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressurea (mmHg) | 77.9±0.42 | 70.5±0.20 | −7.4 *** | 74.0±1.13 | 71.3±1.11 | −2.8 | 78.2±0.29 | 72.2±0.24 | −5.9 *** | 78.3±0.26 | 78.5±0.41 | 0.3 |
| Pulse Pressurea | 56.1±0.65 | 62.9±0.31 | 6.8 *** | 66.2±2.39 | 70.6±1.86 | 4.4 | 53.0±0.37 | 54.6±0.36 | 1.6 *** | 51.3±0.33 | 52.3±0.51 | 1.1 |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)b | 79.8±0.79 | 108.2±0.45 | 28.3 *** | 95.4±0.48 | 103.5±0.46 | 8.1 *** | 94.6±0.46 | 97.2±0.80 | 2.6 *** | |||
| Lipids | ||||||||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL)c | 203.5±1.87 | 212.4±0.76 | 8.9 *** | 196.2±6.28 | 183.3±3.45 | −12.9 | 205.8±1.17 | 202.6±0.84 | −3.2 * | 203.2±1.04 | 205.6±1.69 | 2.4 |
| High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 61.1±0.77 | 53.9±0.29 | −7.2 *** | 61.1±2.33 | 55.0±1.53 | −6.0 * | 60.6±0.53 | 55.4±0.37 | −5.2 *** | 59.9±0.48 | 60.1±0.61 | 0.2 |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119.5±1.65 | 130.2±0.73 | 10.7 *** | 112.6±5.78 | 100.9±3.00 | −11.7 | 122.5±1.02 | 120.8±0.77 | −1.7 | 120.6±0.91 | 123.7±1.51 | 3.1 * |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)c | 115.8±2.94 | 146.2±1.56 | 30.4 *** | 112.9±8.20 | 137.0±6.74 | 24.1 * | 115.2±2.09 | 132.3±1.84 | 17.1 *** | 114.6±1.79 | 111.8±2.64 | −2.8 |
| Kidney Function | ||||||||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL)d | 1.01±0.01 | 1.03±0.01 | 0.0 * | 1.10±0.04 | 1.14±0.04 | 0.04 | 1.00±0.01 | 1.09±0.01 | 0.09 *** | 1.00±0.01 | 0.99±0.01 | 0.0 |
| Lung Function | ||||||||||||
| Forced Vital Capacity (L) | 3.13±0.03 | 3.14±0.01 | 0.0 | 3.35±0.02 | 3.37±0.03 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | ||||||||||||
| Ankle-Arm Index | 1.18±0.01 | 1.10±0.00 | −0.08 *** | 1.24±0.00 | 1.19±0.00 | −0.05 *** | 1.19±0.00 | 1.19±0.01 | 0.0 | |||
*
p ≤ 0.05
**
p ≤ 0.01
***
p ≤ 0.001
a
Model additionally adjusted for anti-hypertensive medication use.
b
Model additionally adjusted for oral hypoglycemic or insulin use.
c
Model additionally adjusted for lipid-lowering medication use.
d
Model additionally adjusted for height and weight.